Морфофункциональные особенности различных отделов кишечника и факторы риска, связанные с формированием превентивной илеостомы (обзор литературы)

В настоящее время не существует однозначного ответа на вопрос, какому варианту превентивной кишечной стомы следует отдавать предпочтение при низкой передней резекции прямой кишки по поводу рака прямой кишки. Мнения различных авторов довольно противоречивы. Если первые публикации по оперативному лечению рака прямой кишки в своей структуре рекомендовали колостому, то более поздние работы отдают предпочтение илеостоме. Однако само наличие превентивной илеостомы связано с различными осложнениями, требующими повторной госпитализации, которая, по разным источникам, достигает 43,1%. Одним из наиболее часто встречающихся осложнений является обезвоживание, электролитные нарушения, связанные с большими потерями отделяемого по стоме.

Целью данного обзора стал поиск предикторов послеоперационных осложнений превентивной илеостомы, а также изучение современных взглядов на методы их предоперационной диагностики.

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