<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2017-0-1-59-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-297</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА РАЗВИТИЯ ДИАРЕИ, АССОЦИИРОВАННОЙ С ŒOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE, У КОЛОПРОКТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ БОЛЬНЫХ (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RISK FACTORS FOR DIARRHEA ASSOCIATED WITH CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE, IN COLOPROCTOLOGICAL PATIENTS (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафин</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safin</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">info@gnck.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ачкасов</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Achkasov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сушков</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sushkov</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «ГНЦК им. А.Н.Рыжих» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Centre of Coloproctology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сафин А.Л., Ачкасов С.И., Сухина М.А., Сушков О.И., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сафин А.Л., Ачкасов С.И., Сухина М.А., Сушков О.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Safin A.L., Achkasov S.I., Sukhina M.A., Sushkov O.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/297">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/297</self-uri><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клостридиальный колит</kwd><kwd>псевдомембранозный колит</kwd><kwd>антибиотико-ассоциированная диарея</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>clostridium difficile infection</kwd><kwd>pseudomembranous colitis</kwd><kwd>antibiotic-associated diarrhea</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пилиев Д.В., Ачкасов С.И., Корнева Т.К. и соавт. Антибиотикоассоциированная диарея: современное состояние проблемы. Российский Журнал Гастроэнтерологии, Гепатологии, Колопроктологии. - 2014. - № 5. - с. 54-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пилиев Д.В., Ачкасов С.И., Корнева Т.К. и соавт. Антибиотикоассоциированная диарея: современное состояние проблемы. Российский Журнал Гастроэнтерологии, Гепатологии, Колопроктологии. - 2014. - № 5. - с. 54-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пикунов Д.Ю., Рыбаков Е.Г. и соавт. Псевдомембранозный колит (обзор литературы). Колопроктология. - 2010. - №2 (32). - с. 55-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пикунов Д.Ю., Рыбаков Е.Г. и соавт. Псевдомембранозный колит (обзор литературы). Колопроктология. - 2010. - №2 (32). - с. 55-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шелыгин Ю.А., Головенко О.В., Головенко А.О. и соавт. Трансплантация фекальной микробиоты - перспективы применения при заболеваниях кишечника (обзор литературы). Колопроктология. - 2015. - №4 (54). - с. 65-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шелыгин Ю.А., Головенко О.В., Головенко А.О. и соавт. Трансплантация фекальной микробиоты - перспективы применения при заболеваниях кишечника (обзор литературы). Колопроктология. - 2015. - №4 (54). - с. 65-73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdelsattar Z.M. et al. Postoperative Burden of Hospital-Acquired Clostridium difficile Infection. Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology. - 2015. -№1 (36). - p. 40-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdelsattar Z.M. et al. Postoperative Burden of Hospital-Acquired Clostridium difficile Infection. Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology. - 2015. -№1 (36). - p. 40-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abou Chakrap N. et al. Factors Associated With Complications of Clostridium difficile Infection in a Multicenter Prospective Cohort. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. - 2015. - №12 (61). -p. 1781-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abou Chakrap N. et al. Factors Associated With Complications of Clostridium difficile Infection in a Multicenter Prospective Cohort. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. - 2015. - №12 (61). -p. 1781-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmetagic S. et al. Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients at university clinical center tuzla, bosnia and herzegovina: a 4 year experience. Materia socio-medica. - 2013. - №3 (25). - p. 153-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmetagic S. et al. Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients at university clinical center tuzla, bosnia and herzegovina: a 4 year experience. Materia socio-medica. - 2013. - №3 (25). - p. 153-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alicinop et al. Increasing incidence of Clostridium difficile infections: results from a 5-year retrospective study in a large teaching hospital in the Italian region with the oldest population. Epidemiology and infection. - 2016. - №12 (144). - p. 2517-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alicinop et al. Increasing incidence of Clostridium difficile infections: results from a 5-year retrospective study in a large teaching hospital in the Italian region with the oldest population. Epidemiology and infection. - 2016. - №12 (144). - p. 2517-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Angarone M., Ison M.G. Diarrhea in solid organ transplant recipients. Current opinion in infectious diseases. - 2015. - №4 (28). - p. 308-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Angarone M., Ison M.G. Diarrhea in solid organ transplant recipients. Current opinion in infectious diseases. - 2015. - №4 (28). - p. 308-16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aquinap.T. et al. High Variability in Nosocomial Clostridium difficile Infection Rates Across Hospitals After Colorectal Resection. Diseases of the Colon &amp; Rectum. - 2016. - №4 (59). - p. 323-331.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aquinap.T. et al. High Variability in Nosocomial Clostridium difficile Infection Rates Across Hospitals After Colorectal Resection. Diseases of the Colon &amp; Rectum. - 2016. - №4 (59). - p. 323-331.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bartlett J.G. Historical perspectives on studies of Clostridium difficile andp. difficile infection. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. - 2008. -Supplement 1 (46 Suppl 1). - p. S4-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartlett J.G. Historical perspectives on studies of Clostridium difficile andp. difficile infection. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. - 2008. -Supplement 1 (46 Suppl 1). - p. S4-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bartlett J.G., Onderdonk A.B., Cisneros R.L. Clindamycin-associated colitis in hamsters: protection with vancomycin. Gastroenterology. - 1977. - № 4 Pt 1 (73). - p. 772-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartlett J.G., Onderdonk A.B., Cisneros R.L. Clindamycin-associated colitis in hamsters: protection with vancomycin. Gastroenterology. - 1977. - № 4 Pt 1 (73). - p. 772-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buonomo E.L., Petri W.A. The microbiota and immune response during Clostridium difficile infection. Anaerobe. - 2016. (41). - p. 79-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buonomo E.L., Petri W.A. The microbiota and immune response during Clostridium difficile infection. Anaerobe. - 2016. (41). - p. 79-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clements A.C. et al. Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027: assessing the risks of further worldwide spread. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. - 2010. -№6 (10). - p. 395-404.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clements A.C. et al. Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027: assessing the risks of further worldwide spread. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. - 2010. -№6 (10). - p. 395-404.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen S.H. et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults: 2010 Update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. -2010. - №5 (31). - p. 431-455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohen S.H. et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults: 2010 Update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. -2010. - №5 (31). - p. 431-455.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dave M. et al. Opportunistic Infections Due to Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - 2014. - №1 (20). - p. 196-212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dave M. et al. Opportunistic Infections Due to Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - 2014. - №1 (20). - p. 196-212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deshpande A. et al. Risk factors for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infection control and hospital epidemiology. - 2015. - №4 (36). - p. 452-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deshpande A. et al. Risk factors for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infection control and hospital epidemiology. - 2015. - №4 (36). - p. 452-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eichel-Streiberp et al. Morphological changes in adherent cells induced by Clostridium difficile toxins. Biochemical Society transactions. - 1991. - №4 (19). -p. 1154-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eichel-Streiberp et al. Morphological changes in adherent cells induced by Clostridium difficile toxins. Biochemical Society transactions. - 1991. - №4 (19). -p. 1154-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eliakim-Raz N. et al. Predicting Clostridium difficile infection in diabetic patients and the effect of metformin therapy: a retrospective, case-control study. European journal of clinical microbiology &amp; infectious diseases: official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology. - 2015. -№6 (34). - p. 1201-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eliakim-Raz N. et al. Predicting Clostridium difficile infection in diabetic patients and the effect of metformin therapy: a retrospective, case-control study. European journal of clinical microbiology &amp; infectious diseases: official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology. - 2015. -№6 (34). - p. 1201-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goudarzi M. et al. Clostridium difficile Infection: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Therapeutic Options. Scientifica. - 2014. (2014). p. 916826.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goudarzi M. et al. Clostridium difficile Infection: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Therapeutic Options. Scientifica. - 2014. (2014). p. 916826.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo S. et al. The recombinant Lactococcus lactis oral vaccine induces protection againstp. difficile spore challenge in a mouse model. Vaccine. - 2015. -№13 (33). - p. 1586-1595.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo S. et al. The recombinant Lactococcus lactis oral vaccine induces protection againstp. difficile spore challenge in a mouse model. Vaccine. - 2015. -№13 (33). - p. 1586-1595.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hainesp F. et al. Clostridium difficile in a HIV-infected cohort: incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes. AIDS (London, England). - 2013. -№17 (27). - p. 2799-807.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hainesp F. et al. Clostridium difficile in a HIV-infected cohort: incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes. AIDS (London, England). - 2013. -№17 (27). - p. 2799-807.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hashash J.G., Binion D.G. Managing Clostridium difficile in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Current gastroenterology reports. - 2014. - №7 (16). - p. 393.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hashash J.G., Binion D.G. Managing Clostridium difficile in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Current gastroenterology reports. - 2014. - №7 (16). - p. 393.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hensgens M.P.M. et al. Time interval of increased risk for Clostridium difficile infection after exposure to antibiotics. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. - 2012. - №3 (67). - p. 742-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hensgens M.P.M. et al. Time interval of increased risk for Clostridium difficile infection after exposure to antibiotics. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. - 2012. - №3 (67). - p. 742-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang H. et al. Risk factors of Clostridium difficile infections among patients in a university hospital in Shanghai, China. Anaerobe. - 2014. (30). p. 65-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang H. et al. Risk factors of Clostridium difficile infections among patients in a university hospital in Shanghai, China. Anaerobe. - 2014. (30). p. 65-69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson S. et al. Prospective, controlled study of vinyl glove use to interrupt Clostridium difficile nosocomial transmission. The American Journal of Medicine. - 1990. - №2 (88). - p. 137-140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson S. et al. Prospective, controlled study of vinyl glove use to interrupt Clostridium difficile nosocomial transmission. The American Journal of Medicine. - 1990. - №2 (88). - p. 137-140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim J. et al. Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Clostridium difficile Infection in a Korean Tertiary Hospital. Journal of Korean Medical Science. - 2011. - №10 (26). - p. 1258.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim J. et al. Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Clostridium difficile Infection in a Korean Tertiary Hospital. Journal of Korean Medical Science. - 2011. - №10 (26). - p. 1258.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim J.W. et al. Proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for recurrence of Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhea. World Journal of Gastroenterology. - 2010. - №28 (16). - p. 3573-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim J.W. et al. Proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for recurrence of Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhea. World Journal of Gastroenterology. - 2010. - №28 (16). - p. 3573-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kundrapu S. et al. A Randomized Trial of Soap and Water Hand Wash Versus Alcohol Hand Rub for Removal of Clostridium difficile Spores from Hands of Patients. Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology. - 2014. - №2 (35). - p. 204-206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kundrapu S. et al. A Randomized Trial of Soap and Water Hand Wash Versus Alcohol Hand Rub for Removal of Clostridium difficile Spores from Hands of Patients. Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology. - 2014. - №2 (35). - p. 204-206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Landellep et al. Contamination of Healthcare Workers’ Hands with Clostridium difficile Spores after Caring for Patients with difficile Infection. Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology. - 2014. - №1 (35). -p. 10-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landellep et al. Contamination of Healthcare Workers’ Hands with Clostridium difficile Spores after Caring for Patients with difficile Infection. Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology. - 2014. - №1 (35). -p. 10-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larson H.E. et al. Undescribed toxin in pseudomembranous colitis. BMJ. - 1977. - № 6071 (1).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larson H.E. et al. Undescribed toxin in pseudomembranous colitis. BMJ. - 1977. - № 6071 (1).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee H.C. et al. Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Clostridium difficile Infection by Age Group. The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology. - 2016. - №2 (67). - p. 81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee H.C. et al. Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Clostridium difficile Infection by Age Group. The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology. - 2016. - №2 (67). - p. 81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levin J. et al. The effect of portable pulsed xenon ultraviolet light after terminal cleaning on hospital-associated Clostridium difficile infection in a community hospital. - 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levin J. et al. The effect of portable pulsed xenon ultraviolet light after terminal cleaning on hospital-associated Clostridium difficile infection in a community hospital. - 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MacLaren R. et al. Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists vs Proton Pump Inhibitors on Gastrointestinal Tract Hemorrhage and Infectious Complications in the Intensive Care Unit. JAMA Internal. Medicine. - 2014. - №4 (174). - p. 564.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MacLaren R. et al. Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists vs Proton Pump Inhibitors on Gastrointestinal Tract Hemorrhage and Infectious Complications in the Intensive Care Unit. JAMA Internal. Medicine. - 2014. - №4 (174). - p. 564.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McFarland L.V., Surawiczp M. Clostridium Difficile Associated Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. - 2010. p. 335-354.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McFarland L.V., Surawiczp M. Clostridium Difficile Associated Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. - 2010. p. 335-354.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pépin J. et al. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in a region of Quebec from 1991 to 2003: a changing pattern of disease severity. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l’Association medicale canadienne. - 2004. - №5 (171). - p. 466-72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pépin J. et al. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in a region of Quebec from 1991 to 2003: a changing pattern of disease severity. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l’Association medicale canadienne. - 2004. - №5 (171). - p. 466-72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Phatharacharukul P. et al. The Risks of Incident and Recurrent Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea in Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - 2015. - №10 (60). - p. 2913-2922.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Phatharacharukul P. et al. The Risks of Incident and Recurrent Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea in Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - 2015. - №10 (60). - p. 2913-2922.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Potter V.A., Aravinthan A. Identifying patients at risk of severe Clostridium difficile-associated disease. British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England: 2005). - 2012. - №5 (73). - p. 265-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potter V.A., Aravinthan A. Identifying patients at risk of severe Clostridium difficile-associated disease. British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England: 2005). - 2012. - №5 (73). - p. 265-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qu H.-Q., Jiang Z.-D. Clostridium difficile infection in diabetes. Diabetes research and clinical practice. - 2014. - №3 (105). p. 285-94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qu H.-Q., Jiang Z.-D. Clostridium difficile infection in diabetes. Diabetes research and clinical practice. - 2014. - №3 (105). p. 285-94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodriguezp et al. Clostridium difficile infection in elderly nursing home residents. Anaerobe. 2014. (30). - p. 184-187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodriguezp et al. Clostridium difficile infection in elderly nursing home residents. Anaerobe. 2014. (30). - p. 184-187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schneeweiss S. et al. Infliximab and other immunomodulating drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and the risk of serious bacterial infections. Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics. - 2009. - №3 (30). - p. 253-264.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schneeweiss S. et al. Infliximab and other immunomodulating drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and the risk of serious bacterial infections. Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics. - 2009. - №3 (30). - p. 253-264.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skricka T. et al. Клостридиальный колит - важная проблема в хирургии. Колопроктология. -2014. - №4 (50). - p. 17-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skricka T. et al. Клостридиальный колит - важная проблема в хирургии. Колопроктология. -2014. - №4 (50). - p. 17-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steindl G. et al. Effect of airborne hydrogen peroxide on spores of Clostridium difficile. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. - 2015. - №11-12 (127). -p. 421-426.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steindl G. et al. Effect of airborne hydrogen peroxide on spores of Clostridium difficile. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. - 2015. - №11-12 (127). -p. 421-426.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Surawiczp.M. et al. Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Clostridium difficile Infections. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. - 2013. - №4 (108). - p. 478-498.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Surawiczp.M. et al. Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Clostridium difficile Infections. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. - 2013. - №4 (108). - p. 478-498.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vesoulis Z., Williams G., Matthews B. Pseudomembranous enteritis after proctocolectomy. Diseases of the Colon &amp; Rectum. - 2000. - №4 (43). -p. 551-554.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vesoulis Z., Williams G., Matthews B. Pseudomembranous enteritis after proctocolectomy. Diseases of the Colon &amp; Rectum. - 2000. - №4 (43). -p. 551-554.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang T. et al. Clostridium Difficile Infection Worsen Outcome of Hospitalized Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Scientific reports. - 2016. (6). - p. 29791.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang T. et al. Clostridium Difficile Infection Worsen Outcome of Hospitalized Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Scientific reports. - 2016. (6). - p. 29791.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
