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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2026-25-2-79-86</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-2146</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Отдаленные результаты лечения пациентов с колоректальным раком при семейном аденоматозе толстой кишки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Long-term results of treatment of patients with colorectal cancer in the context  of familial adenomatous polyposis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7040-6979</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пикунов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pikunov</surname><given-names>Dmitriy Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, стр. 28, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salyama Adilya st., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pikunov_dy@gnck.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2074-4170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тишкевич</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tishkevich</surname><given-names>Ilya S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, стр. 28, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salyama Adilya st., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8571-7462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цуканов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsukanov</surname><given-names>Aleksey S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, стр. 28, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salyama Adilya st., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-9067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбаков</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evgeny</surname><given-names>Rybakov G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, стр. 28, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salyama Adilya st., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryzhikh National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пикунов Д.Ю., Тишкевич И.С., Цуканов А.С., Рыбаков Е.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пикунов Д.Ю., Тишкевич И.С., Цуканов А.С., Рыбаков Е.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pikunov D.Y., Tishkevich I.S., Tsukanov A.S., Evgeny R.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/2146">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/2146</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ: семейный аденоматоз толстой кишки (САТК) — это наследственное заболевание с аутосомно-доминантным типом наследования, при котором у пациентов молодого возраста выявляют десятки, сотни, а иногда и тысячи аденоматозных полипов в толстой кишке. Отсутствие лечения приводит к развитию рака толстой кишки уже к 3–4 декаде жизни. Представленные в мировой литературе данные о характеристиках колоректального рака (КРР) на фоне САТК, течении заболевания и прогнозах малочисленны и противоречивы.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: изучение отдаленных результатов лечения больных раком толстой кишки на фоне САТК, а также выявление факторов, влияющих на выживаемость.</p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в исследование включены 280 пациентов, оперированные по поводу аденоматозного полипозного синдрома в период с января 2016 г. по июль 2024 г. Показанием к выполнению хирургического вмешательства являлось наличие более 100 полипов в толстой кишке и/или гистологически подтвержденное наличие колоректального рака на фоне множественных (более 20) полипов толстой кишки. В исследование были включены только те пациенты, которым оперативное вмешательство было выполнено в радикальном/условно радикальном объеме с полной циторедукцией. Всем пациентам проведено молекулярно-генетическое исследование (МГИ) на наличие патогенного варианта в гене АРС, в случае отсутствия — исследование было продолжено путем проведения полноэкзомного секвенирования.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: по результатам МГИ у 224 пациентов выявлено наличие патогенного варианта в гене АРС, диагностирован семейный аденоматоз толстой кишки. У 92 (44 женщины, 48 мужчин) из 224 пациентов (41,1%) на основании патоморфологического исследования удаленной толстой кишки установлен диагноз колоректального рака. Медиана возраста у больных КРР на момент операции составила 38 (19–74) лет. У 30 (32,6%) из 92 пациентов с КРР онкологический диагноз не был установлен на этапе дооперационного эндоскопического обследования. По результатам патоморфологического исследования у 40 (43,5%) пациентов была установлена I стадия рака, у 8 (8,7%) — II, у 30 (32,6%) — III, и у 14 (15,2%) — IV стадия. Медиана прослеженности составила 27,8 (5–101) месяцев. У 14 (15,2%) больных отмечено прогрессирование заболевания в сроки от 5 до 36 месяцев после оперативного лечения. Медиана безрецидивной выживаемости составила 24,5 месяца. Актуариальная 5-летняя выживаемость для больных с I-II стадией рака составила 100%, III стадией — 82,5%, IV стадией — 80%. В результате унивариантного и многофакторного анализов свою значимость в качестве независимых факторов негативного прогноза течения заболевания доказали: глубина инвазии опухоли T4 (HR 14,1; 95% ДИ 4,62–43,2; p &lt; 0,001), поражение регионарных лимфоузлов N1a (HR 4,21; 95% ДИ 1,39–12,8, p = 0,011) и N2b (HR 4,85, 95% ДИ 1,94–18,61, p = 0,007), наличие перитонеальной диссеминации опухолевого процесса M1c (HR 43,8; 95% ДИ 11,4–168, p &lt; 0,001), количество злокачественных опухолей в ободочной кишке &gt; 1 (HR 1,47; 95% ДИ 1,00–2,16, p = 0,048).</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: высокая частота скрытой малигнизации полипов при САТК обуславливает необходимость соблюдения онкологических принципов при выполнении даже профилактического хирургического вмешательства у пациента с САТК. Полученные данные о клинических особенностях и течении рака толстой кишки у больных с САТК коррелируют с таковыми у больных со спорадическим колоректальным раком в идентичной возрастной группе, что может свидетельствовать о необходимости применения у больных колоректальным раком на фоне САТК общепринятых подходов к лечению онкологических больных.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION: familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an hereditary syndrome with an autosomal-dominant type of inheritance, in which patients of young age have dozens, hundreds, and sometimes thousands of adenomatous polyps in the colorectum. If left untreated, it leads to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) by the third or fourth decade of life. The data presented in the world literature on the characteristics of CRC in the context of FAP, the course of the disease, and the prognosis are scarce and contradictory.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: to study the long-term results of treatment of patients with CRC in the context of FAP, as well as to reveal the factors affecting survival.</p></sec><sec><title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title><p>PATIENTS AND METHODS: the study included 280 patients who underwent surgery for adenomatous polyposis syndrome between January 2016 and July 2024. The indication for surgery was the presence of more than 100 polyps in the colorectum and/or histologically confirmed colorectal cancer in the presence of multiple (more than 20) polyps in the colorectum. The study included only those patients who underwent radical/conditionally radical surgery with complete cytoreduction. All patients underwent molecular genetic testing (MGT) for the presence of a pathogenic variant in the APC gene, and if none was found, the study was continued with whole-exome sequencing.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: according to the results of the MGT, 224 patients were found to have a pathogenic variant in the APC gene, and were diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis. Ninety-two (44 females, 48 males) of the 224 patients (41.1%) were diagnosed with colorectal cancer after the pathological examination of the removed specimens. The median age of patients with CRC at the time of surgery was 38 (19–74) years. In 30 (32.6%) of the 92 patients with CRC, the malignant disease was not diagnosed during the preoperative colonoscopy. According to the results of the pathological examination, 40 (43.5%) patients had stage I of cancer, 8 (8.7%) had stage II, 30 (32.6%) had stage III, and 14 (15.2%) had stage IV. The median follow-up period was 27.8 (5–101) months. In 14 (15.2%) patients, the disease progression was diagnosed between 5 and 36 months after surgical treatment. The median disease-free survival was 24.5 months. The actuarial 5-year survival for patients with stage I-II cancer was 100%, stage III — 82.5%, stage IV — 80%. As a result of univariant and multifactorial analyses, the following factors of a negative prognosis proved their independent importance: tumor invasion T4 (HR 14,1; 95% CI 4.62–43.2; p &lt; 0,001), regional lymph nodes status N1a (HR 4.21; 95% CI 1.39–12.8, p = 0.011) and N2b (HR 4,85, 95% CI 1.94–18.61, p = 0.007), peritoneal dissemination M1c (HR 43.8; 95% CI 11.4–168, p &lt; 0.001), the number of malignant tumors in the colon &gt; 1 (HR 1.47; 95% CI 1.00–2.16, p = 0.048).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: the high frequency of occult polyp malignancy in FAP patients necessitates adherence to oncological principles even during prophylactic surgery in a patient with FAP. The obtained data on the clinical features and course of CRC in patients with FAP correlate with those in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer in the same age group, which may indicate the need to apply the generally accepted approaches to the treatment of oncological patients in patients with colorectal cancer in the context of familial adenomatous polyposis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>семейный аденоматоз толстой кишки</kwd><kwd>САТК</kwd><kwd>скрытая малигнизация</kwd><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>familial adenomatous polyposis</kwd><kwd>FAP</kwd><kwd>occult polyp malignancy</kwd><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>survival</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jasperson KW, Tuohy TM, Neklason DW, et al. Hereditary and familial colon cancer. 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