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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2026-25-2-44-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-2123</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ исходов брюшно-анальной и низкой передней резекции при раке прямой кишки:  фокус на проблему постоянной стомы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outcomes of anterior and intersphincteric resection for rectal cancer: focus on the issue of permanent stoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-1390</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егоров</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorov</surname><given-names>Vasiliy I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Егоров Василий Иванович — к.м.н., доцент кафедры онкологии, лучевой диагностики и лучевой терапии; врач-онколог</p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, г. Казань, 420021</p><p>ул. Сибирский тракт, д. 29, г. Казань, 420029</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Butlerov str., 49, Kazan, 420000</p><p>Sibirskij trakt, 29, Kazan, 420029</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drvasiliy21@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4516-1997</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахметзянов</surname><given-names>Ф. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmetzyanov</surname><given-names>Foat Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахметзянов Фоат Шайхутдинович — д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой онкологии, лучевой диагностики и лучевой терапии; руководитель хирургической клиники  </p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, г. Казань, 420021</p><p>ул. Сибирский тракт, д. 29, г. Казань, 420029</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Butlerov str., 49, Kazan, 420000</p><p>Sibirskij trakt, 29, Kazan, 420029</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5217-7276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рувинский</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruvinsky</surname><given-names>David M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рувинский Давид Маркович — заведующий онкологическим отделением №11</p><p>ул. Сибирский тракт, д. 29, г. Казань, 420029</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sibirskij trakt, 29, Kazan, 420029</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0680-4595</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гилязова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilyazova</surname><given-names>Alina I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гилязова Алина Ильдусовна — студент 6 курса лечебного факультета</p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, г. Казань, 420021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Butlerov st., 49, Kazan, 420000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7263-6467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Димитриева</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dimitrieva</surname><given-names>Darya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Димитриева Дарья Вячеславовна — студент 5 курса лечебного факультета</p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, г. Казань, 420021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Butlerov st., 49, Kazan, 420000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2361-3031</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрункин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strunkin</surname><given-names>Vitaliy V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стрункин Виталий Валентинович — врач-онколог</p><p>ул. Сибирский тракт, д. 29, г. Казань, 420029</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sibirskij trakt, 29, Kazan, 420029</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ГАУЗ «Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер» МЗ РТ им. профессора М.З. Сигала</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University; Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary named after prof. M.Z. Sigal</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ «Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер» МЗ РТ им. профессора М.З. Сигала</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary named after prof. M.Z. Sigal</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Егоров В.И., Ахметзянов Ф.Ш., Рувинский Д.М., Гилязова А.И., Димитриева Д.В., Стрункин В.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Егоров В.И., Ахметзянов Ф.Ш., Рувинский Д.М., Гилязова А.И., Димитриева Д.В., Стрункин В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Egorov V.I., Akhmetzyanov F.S., Ruvinsky D.M., Gilyazova A.I., Dimitrieva D.V., Strunkin V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/2123">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/2123</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: провести сравнительный анализ непосредственных хирургических, отдаленных онкологических результатов у пациентов с низким раком прямой кишки после брюшно-анальной резекции (БАР) и предельно низкой передней резекции (ПНПР), с особым вниманием к факторам риска формирования постоянной кишечной стомы как исхода сфинктеросохраняющих операций.</p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: проведено одноцентровое ретроспективное сравнительное исследование. Включены больные, которым с января 2019 года по декабрь 2023 года выполнена БАР по поводу рака прямой кишки (n = 70). Для сравнительного анализа подобрана группа больных, которым за тот же временной период выполнена ПНПР после сопоставления по следующим показателям: пол, возраст, индекс массы тела, сопутствующие заболевания, вид оперативного доступа, pTNM, стадия опухоли, степень дифференцировки, расстояние опухоли от ануса, вид неадъюватной лучевой терапии (n = 58). Общая медиана наблюдения за больными в обеих группах составила 38 (95% ДИ: 31–41) месяцев. Оценивались хирургические осложнения, частота формирования стомы, трехлетняя общая (ОВ) и трехлетняя безрецидивная (БРВ) выживаемость. Для определения предикторов постоянной стомы применен многофакторный логистический регрессионный анализ.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: частота несостоятельности анастомоза была выше после ПНПР: 17/58 (29,3%) против 10/70 (14,3%) (p = 0,038). Поздние осложнения, преимущественно, функциональные, чаще возникали после БАР: 35/67 (52,2%) против 14/55 (25,5%) (p = 0,003). Несмотря на более высокие шансы на закрытие стомы после ПНПР (отношение шансов (OШ) 6,5; 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 1,7–23,9), к концу наблюдения с постоянной стомой жило больше пациентов именно в этой группе: 27/56 (48,2%) против 15/67 (22,4%) (p = 0,003). Независимыми предикторами постоянной стомы были: выполнение ПНПР (СОШ 3,54; 95% ДИ: 1,373–9,13), несостоятельность швов анастомоза (СОШ 11,76; 95% ДИ: 3,46–40) и стадия pN + (СОШ 1,73; 95% ДИ: 1,06–2,82), наличие лучевой терапии до операции (СОШ 3,92; 95% ДИ: 1,17–13,09). Прогностическая модель показала высокую дискриминационную способность (площадь под кривой (AUC) = 0,851; 95% ДИ: 0,772–0,929). Трехлетние ОВ (63,9% (95% ДИ 49,9–74,9) против 75,0% (95% ДИ 59,7–85,2), p = 0,503) и БРВ (48,2% (95% ДИ 33,9–61,2) против 50,3% (95% ДИ 31,2–66,7), p = 0,646) после БАР и ПНПР, соответственно, были статистически сопоставимы.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: несмотря на сопоставимую онкологическую эффективность, ПНПР ассоциирована с более высоким риском несостоятельности анастомоза, которая является ключевым фактором, приводящим к жизни с постоянной стомой. БАР чаще вызывает функциональные нарушения. Выбор операции должен базироваться на индивидуальной оценке риска несостоятельности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: to assess early and long-term outcomes of interspincteric (ISR) and ultralow anterior resection (ULAR) for low rectal cancer, with a special focus on risk factors for a permanent stoma.</p></sec><sec><title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title><p>PATIENTS AND METHODS: seventy patients who underwent ISR/ULAR for rectal cancer from January 2019 to December 2023 were included in retrospective study. Patients who underwent ULAR during the same time period was selected after matching by the following parameters: gender, age, body mass index, comorbidities, type of surgical approach, pTNM, tumor stage, degree of differentiation, distance of the tumor from the anus, type of neoadjuvant radiation therapy (n = 58). The overall median follow-up of patients in both groups was 38 (95% CI: 31–41) months. Surgical complications, stoma formation rate, three-year overall (OS) and three-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of permanent stoma. RESULTS: anastomotic leakage was higher after ULAR: 17/58 (29.3%) vs. 10/70 (14.3%) (p = 0.038). Late complications, predominantly functional disorders, occurred more often after AAR: 35/67 (52.2%) vs. 14/55 (25.5%) (p = 0.003). Despite higher odds of stoma reversal after ULAR (odds ratio (OR) 6.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–23.9), by the end of follow-up, a greater proportion of patients in this group were living with a permanent stoma: 27/56 (48.2%) vs. 15/67 (22.4%) (p = 0.003). Independent predictors of a permanent stoma were the performance of ULAR (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.54; 95 CI: 1.373–9.13), anastomotic leakage (AOR 11.76; 95 CI: 3.46–40), pN + stage (AOR 1.73; 95 CI: 1.06–2.82) and radiotherapy (AOR 3.92; 95 CI: 1.17–13.09). The prognostic model showed high discriminative ability (Area Under the Curve (AUC) = 0.851; 95% CI: 0.772–0.929). Three-year OS (63.9% (95% CI: 49.9–74.9) vs. 75.0%, (95% CI: 59.7–85.2), p = 0.503) and RFS (48.2% (95% CI: 33.9–61.2) vs. 50.3% (95% CI: 31.2–66.7), p = 0.646) after AAR and ULAR, respectively, were statistically comparable.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: despite comparable oncological efficacy, ULAR is associated with a higher risk of anastomotic leakage, which is a key factor leading to a permanent stoma. AAR is associated with a higher rate of functional disorders. The choice of surgical technique should be based on an individual assessment of the risk of anastomotic leakage.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>брюшно-анальная резекция</kwd><kwd>низкая передняя резекция</kwd><kwd>кишечная стома</kwd><kwd>несостоятельность анастомоза</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>abdominal-anal resection</kwd><kwd>anterior resection</kwd><kwd>bowel stoma</kwd><kwd>anastomotic leakage</kwd><kwd>overall survival</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loria A., Tejani M.A., Temple L.K. et al. Practice Patterns for Organ Preservation in US Patients With Rectal Cancer, 2006-2020. 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