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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2026-25-1-116-124</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-2099</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность тотальной неоадъювантной терапии в лечении рака прямой кишки: результаты рандомизированного исследования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Efficacy of total neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: results of a randomized trial</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0719-7910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Файзулин</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fayzulin</surname><given-names>Rashid I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, стр. 28, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, 28, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">faizulin_ri@gnck.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3399-0608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, стр. 28, г. Москва, 123423</p><p>ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, г. Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, 28, Moscow, 123423</p><p>Barrikadnaya st., 2/1-1, Moscow, 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-9067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбаков</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybakov</surname><given-names>Evgeny G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, стр. 28, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, 28, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7342-5753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балкаров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balkarov</surname><given-names>Artyom A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, стр. 28, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, 28, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryzhikh National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryzhikh National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>124</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Файзулин Р.И., Алексеев М.М., Рыбаков Е.Г., Балкаров А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Файзулин Р.И., Алексеев М.М., Рыбаков Е.Г., Балкаров А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fayzulin R.I., Alekseev M.V., Rybakov E.G., Balkarov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/2099">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/2099</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: сравнить результаты лечения больных раком прямой кишки с применением двух режимов тотальной неоадъювантной терапии (ТНТ): короткого курса лучевой терапии с тремя курсами консолидирующей химиотерапии и пролонгированной химиолучевой терапии с тремя курсами консолидирующей химиотерапии.</p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: с сентября 2022 по февраль 2025 гг. проведено проспективное одноцентровое рандомизированное исследование. В группе А проводился короткий курс лучевой терапии (ЛТ) с тремя курсами консолидирующей химиотерапии по схеме XELOX с оценкой эффекта через 10–18 недель после окончания ЛТ. В группе Б проводился пролонгированный курс химиолучевой терапии (ХЛТ) с тремя курсами консолидирующей химиотерапии по схеме XELOX с оценкой эффекта через 10–18 недель после окончания ХЛТ. За обозначенный период в исследование включено 125 человек, из них 64 в группе А и 61 — в группе Б. Первичная точка исследования — частота полных ответов опухоли.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: медиана размера опухоли составила 50 (интерквартильный размах (IQR): 24–123) мм — в группе А и 47 (IQR: 27–76) мм —  в группе Б (р = 0,3), не было различий по наличию или отсутствию вовлечения циркулярного края резекции (р = 0,9) или инвазии экстрамуральных сосудов (р = 0,8) до начала лечения. В обеих группах получены сопоставимые результаты по комплаентности (р = 1,0), переносимости (р = 0,7) и токсичности (р = 0,8) лучевой терапии. Также не выявлено статистически значимых различий по комплаентности (р = 1,0), переносимости (р = 0,8) и токсичности (р = 0,2) химиотерапии. Сопоставимы оказались и результаты хирургического лечения по частоте отрицательных границ резекции (р = 1,0), качеству мезоректумэктомии (р = 0,5), степени ответа опухоли на неоадъювантное лечение (р = 0,6) и послеоперационным осложнениям (р = 0,8). Частота полных ответов опухоли (как клинических, так и патоморфологических) статистически значимо не различалась в обеих группах: частота полных клинических ответов при прослеженности от 3 до 35 месяцев с медианой в 18 месяцев составила 5/61 (8,2%) в группе А и 11/64 (17,2%) — в группе Б (р = 0,18). Частота полных патоморфологических ответов составила 9/53 (14,7%) — против 6/51 (9,3%), соответственно (р = 0,6). Общая частота полных ответов — 14/61 (22,9%) в группе короткого курса ЛТ и 17/64 (26,5%) в группе пролонгированной ХЛТ (р = 0,6).</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: сравниваемые режимы ТНТ сопоставимы по комплаентности, переносимости и токсичности. Комбинация короткого ЛТ с курсом консолидирующей химиотерапии в неоадъювантном режиме сопоставима по частоте полных ответов опухоли прямой кишки в сравнении с пролонгированным курсом ХЛТ с курсом консолидирующей химиотерапии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: to compare the treatment outcomes of rectal cancer patients using two regimens of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT): short-course radiotherapy with three cycles of consolidating chemotherapy and long-course chemoradiotherapy with three cycles of consolidating chemotherapy.</p></sec><sec><title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title><p>PATIENTS AND METHODS: a prospective, Single-Center, Randomized Study. From September 2022 to February 2025, 125 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, 64 were assigned to Group A and 61 to Group B. In Group A, patients received a short-course radiotherapy (RT) regimen followed by three cycles of consolidating chemotherapy with the XELOX regimen. Treatment response was assessed 10–18 weeks after the completion of radiotherapy. In Group B, patients received a long-course chemoradiotherapy (CRT) regimen followed by three cycles of consolidating chemotherapy with the XELOX regimen. Treatment response was assessed 10–18 weeks after the completion of chemoradiotherapy. The primary endpoint of the study is the rate of complete tumor response (pathological complete response, pCR).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: the median tumor size was 50 mm (interquartile range, IQR: 24–123 mm) in Group A and 47 mm (IQR: 27–76 mm) in Group B (p = 0.3). There were no significant differences in the presence or absence of involved circular resection margin (p = 0.9) or extramural vascular invasion (p = 0.8) before treatment initiation. Both groups showed comparable results in terms of compliance (p = 1.0), tolerability (p = 0.7), and toxicity (p = 0.8) of radiotherapy. No statistically significant differences were found in the compliance (p = 1.0), tolerability (p = 0.8), and toxicity (p = 0.2) of chemotherapy. Surgical outcomes were also comparable regarding the rate of negative resection margins (p = 1.0), quality of mesorectal excision (p = 0.5), degree of tumor response to neoadjuvant treatment (p = 0.6), and postoperative complications (p = 0.8). The rate of complete tumor responses (both clinical and pathological) did not differ significantly between the groups. With a follow-up ranging from 3 to 35 months (median 18 months), the clinical complete response rate was 5/61 (8.2%) in Group A and 11/64 (17.2%) in Group B (p = 0.18). The pathological complete response rate was 9/53 (14.7%) vs. 6/51 (9.3%), respectively (p = 0.6). The overall complete response rate was 14/61 (22.9%) in the short-course RT and 17/64 (26.5%) in the long-course CRT group (p = 0.6).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: the compared TNT regimens are comparable in compliance, tolerability, and toxicity. The combination of SCRT with consolidation chemotherapy in a neoadjuvant regimen is comparable in the frequency of complete responses compared with a CRT with consolidation chemotherapy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тотальная неоадъювантная терапия</kwd><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>ТНТ</kwd><kwd>местнораспространенный рак прямой кишки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>total neoadjuvant therapy</kwd><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>TNT</kwd><kwd>locally advanced rectal cancer</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ludmir EB, Palta M, Willett CG, et al. Total neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: An emerging option. Cancer. 2017 May 1;123(9):1497-1506. doi: 10.1002/cncr.30600. Epub 2017 Mar 10. PMID: 28295220.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ludmir EB, Palta M, Willett CG, et al. 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