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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2025-24-4-152-166</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-2077</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТААНАЛИЗ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>META-ANALYSIS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Превентивная кишечная стома: илеостома, колостома. Какой вариант безопаснее? (метаанализ и систематический обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Preventive intestinal stoma: ileostomy, colostomy. Which option is safer? (meta-analysis and systematic review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3316-7041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елфимова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elfimova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елфимова Ю.А — клинический ординатор </p><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Elfimova</p><p>Salyama Adilya st., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yulia2209elfimova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0719-7910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Файзулин</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fayzulin</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Файзулин Р.И. — аспирант</p><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rashid I. Fayzulin</p><p>Salyama Adilya st., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6212-9454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернышов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyshov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чернышов С.В. — д.м.н., заведующий отделением малоинвазивной онкопроктологии </p><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav V. Chernyshov</p><p>Salyama Adilya st., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-9067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбаков</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybakov</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыбаков Е.Г. — д.м.н., профессор РАН, руководитель отдела онкопроктологии</p><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny G. Rybakov</p><p>Salyama Adilya st., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryzhikh National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>152</fpage><lpage>166</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Елфимова Ю.А., Файзулин Р.И., Чернышов С.В., Рыбаков Е.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Елфимова Ю.А., Файзулин Р.И., Чернышов С.В., Рыбаков Е.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Elfimova Y.A., Fayzulin R.I., Chernyshov S.V., Rybakov E.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/2077">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/2077</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: сравнить частоту развития ранних и поздних послеоперационных осложнений после формирования и закрытия превентивных илеостом и колостом, а также определить, является ли один тип кишечной стомы более безопасным, чем другой при формировании низкого колоректального анастомоза.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: поиск научных работ проводился в электронных базах медицинской литературы PubMed и Elibrary за последние 30 лет по ключевым словам: ileostomy, colostomy; loopileostomy, loopcolostomy; temporary stoma; complications. Проведен систематический обзор и метаанализ, в который было включено 5 рандомизированных и 15 сравнительных нерандомизированных исследований на английском и русском языках, в которых отражен характер осложнений, возникающих при использовании и ликвидации илеостом и колостом. Осложнения были разделены в зависимости от характера и времени возникновения на ранние и поздние. К ранним осложнениям отнесли: некроз стомы, кровотечение из стомы, перистомальный дерматит, ретракцию стомы, обезвоживание и парастомальный абсцесс. К поздним отнесены: стриктура стомы, пролапс стомы, несостоятельность колоректального анастомоза и парастомальная грыжа. Также были проанализированы осложнения, связанные с реконструктивно-восстановительной операцией с ликвидацией стомы: послеоперационная грыжа в области стомы, раневая инфекция и гематома передней брюшной стенки, кишечная непроходимость. Метаанализ выполнен в соответствии с практикой и рекомендациями PRISMA.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: при изучении сравнительных нерандомизированных исследований выявлено, что у пациентов с колостомой существенно чаще развивались поздние осложнения такие, как стриктура стомы (отношение шансов (ОШ) = 3,86; 95% Доверительный интервал (ДИ): 1,27–11,72; р = 0,02) и пролапс стомы (ОШ = 2,91; 95% ДИ: 1,49–5,72; р = 0,002), а также раннее осложнение в виде ретракции стомы (ОШ = 2,53; 95% ДИ: 1,54–4,16; р = 0,0002). Тогда как формирование илеостомы связано с более высоким риском развития обезвоживания (ОШ = 0,23; 95% ДИ: 0,12–0,45; р &lt; 0,00001). Напротив, при анализе рандомизированных клинических исследований (РКИ) частота развития таких осложнений, как пролапс стомы (ОШ = 8,87; 95% ДИ: 2,53–31,12; р = 0,0007) и обезвоживание (ОШ = 0,32; 95% ДИ: 0,03–3,14; р = 0,33) были сопоставимы между пациентами с колостомой и илеостомой. Информация о ретракции стомы была представлена лишь в одном РКИ, в то время как стриктура стомы вовсе не упоминалась. Как в рандомизированных (ОШ = 1,19; 95% ДИ: 0,52–2,75; р = 0,68), так и в сравнительных нерандомизированных исследованиях (ОШ = 0,56; 95% ДИ: 0,31–1,02; p = 0,06) частота развития перистомального дерматита была несколько выше у пациентов с илеостомой, однако уровня статистической значимости не отмечено. Частота некроза стомы, кровотечения из стомы, парастомального абсцесса, а также парастомальной грыжи не различаются в обеих группах. Согласно полученным данным, осложнения после реконструктивно-восстановительных операций, связанных с ликвидацией кишечной стомы, не характерны ни для одной из групп пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: вопрос выбора превентивной стомы по-прежнему остается предметом обсуждений и дискуссий. Илеостома связана лишь с более высоким риском возникновения обезвоживания. Вместе с тем, формирование петлевой колостомы сопровождается существенно большей частотой развития пролапса, ретракции и стриктуры стомы, все остальные осложнения оказались сопоставимы. Для подтверждения достоверности этих различий необходимы дальнейшие рандомизированные клинические исследования.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: to compare the incidence of early and late postoperative complications after creation and closure of preventive loop ileostomy or colostomy, and to determine whether one type of intestinal stoma is safer than the other when creating a low colorectal anastomosis.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: the search for scientific papers was conducted in the electronic databases of medical literature PubMed and Elibrary for the past 30 years using the keywords: ileostomy, colostomy; loop ileostomy, loop colostomy; temporary stoma; complications. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, which included 5 randomized and 15 comparative non-randomized studies in English and Russian, which reflected the nature of complications arising from the use and elimination of ileostomies and colostomies. Complications were divided depending on the nature and time of occurrence into early and late. Early complications included: stoma necrosis, stoma bleeding, peristomal dermatitis, stoma retraction, dehydration and parastomal abscess. Late complications included: stoma stricture, stoma prolapse, colorectal anastomotic failure and parastomal hernia. Complications associated with reconstructive surgery with stoma elimination were also analyzed: postoperative hernia in the stoma area, wound infection and hematoma of the anterior abdominal wall, intestinal obstruction. The meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the practice and PRISMA recommendations.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: when examining comparative non-randomized studies, it was found that patients with colostomy significantly more often developed late complications such as stoma stricture (odds ratio (OR) = 3.86; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.27–11.72; p = 0.02) and stoma prolapse (OR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.49–5.72; p = 0.002), as well as an early complication in the form of stoma retraction (OR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.54–4.16; p = 0.0002). Whereas the formation of ileostomy is associated with a higher risk of dehydration (OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.12–0.45; p &lt; 0.00001). In contrast, in an analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), the incidence of complications such as stoma prolapse (OR = 8.87; 95% CI: 2.53–31.12; p = 0.0007) and dehydration (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.03–3.14; p = 0.33) were comparable between patients with colostomy and ileostomy. Information on stoma retraction was provided in only one RCT, while stoma stricture was not mentioned at all. In both randomized (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.52–2.75; p = 0.68) and comparative non-randomized studies (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.31–1.02; p = 0.06), the incidence of peristomal dermatitis was slightly higher in patients with ileostomy, but statistical significance was not achieved. The incidence of stoma necrosis, stoma bleeding, parastomal abscess, and parastomal hernia did not differ in both groups. According to the data obtained, complications after reconstructive surgeries associated with the elimination of intestinal stoma are not typical for any of the patient groups.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: the choice of a preventive stoma is still a subject of debate and discussion. Ileostomy is associated only with a higher risk of dehydration. However, the formation of a loop colostomy is accompanied by a significantly higher incidence of prolapse, retraction and stricture of the stoma, all other complications were comparable. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the reliability of these differences.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>превентивная колостома</kwd><kwd>превентивная илеостома</kwd><kwd>ранние осложнения</kwd><kwd>поздние осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>loop colostomy</kwd><kwd>loop ileostomy</kwd><kwd>early complications</kwd><kwd>and late complications</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев М.В. Несостоятельность колоректального анастомоза: факторы риска, прогнозирование и методы профилактики: дисс. … д-ра мед. наук. Москва. 2020; 198 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev M.V. 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