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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2025-24-3-95-105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-2027</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поиск бактериальных биопленок в хронической анальной трещине (описательное исследование с углубленной визуализацией)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Search for bacterial biofilms in the chronic anal fissure (descriptive study with in-depth visualization)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1182-419X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатенко</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatenko</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игнатенко Мария Андреевна — специалист отдела планирования и организации научных исследований.</p><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Ignatenko.</p><p>Salyama Adilya st., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marie_ignatenko@vk.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7203-1859</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономаренко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пономаренко Алексей Алексеевич — д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник отдела онкопроктологии, руководитель отдела планирования и организации научных исследований.</p><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey A. Ponomarenko.</p><p>Salyama Adilya st., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0402-5152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhurina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Журина Марина Владимировна — к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории выживаемости микроорганизмов ФИЦ «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» РАН.</p><p>пр-т 60-летия Октября, д. 7, корп. 2, Москва, 117312</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Zhurina.</p><p>60 let Oktjabrja pr-t, 7, bld. 2, Moscow, 117312</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-5593</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кострикина</surname><given-names>Н. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostrikina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кострикина Надежда Афанасьевна — старший научный сотрудник подразделения ЦКП «Коллекция UNIQEM» ФИЦ «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» РАН.</p><p>пр-т 60-летия Октября, д. 7, корп. 2, Москва, 117312</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda A. Kostrikina.</p><p>60 let Oktjabrja pr-t, 7, bld. 2, Moscow, 117312</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3403-9731</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жарков</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharkov</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жарков Евгений Евгеньевич — к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отдела общей и реконструктивной колопроктологии.</p><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny E. Zharkov.</p><p>Salyama Adilya st., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2264-6764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаев</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николаев Юрий Александрович — д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией выживаемости микроорганизмов ФИЦ «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» РАН.</p><p>пр-т 60-летия Октября, д. 7, корп. 2, Москва, 117312</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri A. Nikolaev.</p><p>60 let Oktjabrja pr-t, 7, bld. 2, Moscow, 117312</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5494-415X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелкумян</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melkumyan</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мелкумян Алина Рантиковна — к.м.н., руководитель отдела изучения микробиологических и иммунологических исследований.</p><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina R. Melkumyan.</p><p>Salyama Adilya st., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryzhikh National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт микробиологии им. С.Н. Виноградского, ФИЦ Биотехнологии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology”, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Игнатенко М.А., Пономаренко А.А., Журина М.В., Кострикина Н.A., Жарков Е.Е., Николаев Ю.А., Мелкумян А.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Игнатенко М.А., Пономаренко А.А., Журина М.В., Кострикина Н.A., Жарков Е.Е., Николаев Ю.А., Мелкумян А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ignatenko M.A., Ponomarenko A.A., Zhurina M.V., Kostrikina N.A., Zharkov E.E., Nikolaev Y.A., Melkumyan A.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/2027">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/2027</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: поиск биопленок и оценка бактериального состава хронической анальной трещины (ХАТ).</p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: пациенту А., 40 лет, с диагнозом «хронические задняя и передняя анальные трещины со спазмом сфинктера» была проведена боковая подкожная сфинктеротомия с иссечением ХАТ. Перед операцией у пациента брались мазки из трещин для микробиологических исследований. Иссеченные операционные препараты ХАТ помещались в фиксирующие растворы. Микробиологические исследования, включающие в себя секвенирование генов 16S рРНК и MALDI-ToF масс-спектрометрию выделенных культур, проводились с целью оценки бактериального состава ХАТ. Микроскопические исследования, в которые входили сканирующая электронная микроскопия (СЭМ) и просвечивающая электронная микроскопия (ПЭМ) применялись для поиска биопленочного расположения микроорганизмов. Выводы о наличии биопленок делали по результатам сравнения фотографий с достоверными их изображениями, описанными в литературе.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: в тканях, формирующих ХАТ, на основе секвенирования генов 16S рРНК выявлено большое разнообразие бактерий (56 родов); масс-спектрометрия мазков выявила лишь E. coli и P. anaerobius в значимой концентрации. С помощью СЭМ на одном из участков иссеченной ХАТ были обнаружены биопленки, содержащие бактериальные клетки (размером до 2 мкм), погруженные во внеклеточный матрикс; вне трещины подобных структур выявлено не было. При ПЭМ было идентифицировано скопление бактериальных клеток, окруженных внеклеточным полимерным матриксом, что было трактовано как биопленка из грамотрицательных бактерий. Через 7 месяцев у пациента сохранялась незаживающая послеоперационная рана в области ранее иссеченной задней трещины. При повторном посеве были получены E. coli и S. gallolyticus в значимых концентрациях. Иссечение рубцово-измененных краев раны и назначенное консервативное лечение позволили ране эпителизироваться в течение 3 недель.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: полученные результаты указывают на то, что микробные биопленки могут быть локализованы в ХАТ. Для достоверных выводов о биопленочной организации микроорганизмов в ХАТ и их влиянии на патологические и репаративные процессы необходимы дальнейшие исследования.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: to reveal biofilms in chronic anal fissure (CAF) bacterial composition.</p></sec><sec><title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title><p>PATIENTS AND METHODS: patient A., 40 years old, with chronic posterior and anterior anal fissures with sphincter spasm underwent a lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy with excision of the CAFs. Before the operation swabs were taken from fissures for microbiology. Removed specimens were placed in fixing solutions. Microbiological studies including 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry of isolated cultures were carried out to assess the bacterial composition of CAFs. Microscopic studies which included scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to search for the biofilm location of microorganisms. Conclusions about the presence of biofilms were made during the comparison of photographs with reliable images described in the literature.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: a wide variety of bacteria (56 genera) was detected in the tissues forming the CAF based on sequencing of 16S rRNA genes; swab's mass spectrometry revealed only E. coli and P. anaerobius in significant concentrations. Using SEM on one of the sections of the excised CAF were found biofilms containing bacterial cells immersed in an extracellular matrix (which size was within the limits of 2 microns); similar structures weren't detected outside the CAF. On TEM an accumulation of bacterial cells, surrounded by an extracellular polymer matrix, what was interpreted as a biofilm of gram-negative bacteria, was identified. After 7 months, the patient retained a non-healing postoperative wound in the area of the previously excised posterior fissure. After repeated sowing, E. coli and S. gallolyticus were obtained in significant concentrations. Excision of the scarred edges of the wound and the prescribed conservative treatment allowed the wound to epithelize within 3 weeks.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: the results show that microbial biofilms can be localized in the CAF. Further researches are needed for reliable conclusions about biofilm organization in CAF and their effect on pathological and reparative processes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая анальная трещина</kwd><kwd>ХАТ</kwd><kwd>биопленка</kwd><kwd>боковая подкожная сфинктеротомия</kwd><kwd>сканирующая электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>просвечивающая электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>16SрРНК секвенирование</kwd><kwd>MALDI-ToF масс-спектрометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic anal fissure</kwd><kwd>CAF</kwd><kwd>biofilm</kwd><kwd>lateral internal sphincterotomy</kwd><kwd>scanning electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>SEM</kwd><kwd>transmission electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>TEM</kwd><kwd>16S rRNA sequencing</kwd><kwd>MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ (государственное задание №122040800164-6).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агапов М.А., Алиев Ф.Ш., Ачкасов С.И., и соавт. 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