<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2025-24-2-76-83</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-2001</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Непосредственные результаты предоперационной химиотаргетной терапии у больных раком прямой кишки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Early outcomes of preoperative chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy for rectal cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2748-0644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добродеев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrodeev</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Добродеев Алексей Юрьевич — д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник отделения абдоминальной онкологии, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук.</p><p>Пер. Кооперативный, д. 5, Томск, 634009, тел. 8 (3822) 41-80-60</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey Yu. Dobrodeev</p><p>Kooperativny per., 5, Tomsk, 634009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dobrodeev@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6247-3434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тарасова Анна Сергеевна — к.м.н., научный сотрудник отделения абдоминальной онкологии.</p><p>Пер. Кооперативный, д. 5, г. Томск, 634009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Tarasova</p><p>Kooperativny per., 5, Tomsk, 634009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4701-0375</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьев</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanasyev</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Афанасьев Сергей Геннадьевич — д.м.н., профессор, заведующий отделением абдоминальной онкологии.</p><p>Пер. Кооперативный, д. 5, г. Томск, 634009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey G. Afanasyev</p><p>Kooperativny per., 5, Tomsk, 634009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-2349</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костромицкий</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostromitsky</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костромицкий Дмитрий Николаевич — к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отделения абдоминальной онкологии.</p><p>Пер. Кооперативный, д. 5, г. Томск, 634009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry N. Kostromitsky</p><p>Kooperativny per., 5, Tomsk, 634009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2060-4840</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пономарева Анастасия Алексеевна — к.б.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной онкологии и иммунологии.</p><p>Пер. Кооперативный, д. 5, г. Томск, 634009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Ponomareva</p><p>Kooperativny per., 5, Tomsk, 634009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0562-3878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабышкина</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babyshkina</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бабышкина Наталия Николаевна — д.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной онкологии и иммунологии, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский НИМЦ Российской академии наук, доцент кафедры биохимии и молекулярной биологии с курсом клинической лабораторной диагностики, ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России.</p><p>Пер. Кооперативный, д. 5, г. Томск, 634009; Московский тракт, д. 2, г. Томск, 634050</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia N. Babyshkina</p><p>Kooperativny per., 5, Tomsk, 634009; Moskovsky trakt, 2, Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3009-2404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дронова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dronova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дронова Татьяна Анатольевна — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной онкологии и иммунологии.</p><p>Пер. Кооперативный, д. 5, г. Томск, 634009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana A. Dronova</p><p>Kooperativny per., 5, Tomsk, 634009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5758-7330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларионова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larionova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ларионова Ирина Валерьевна — к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной терапии рака.</p><p>Пер. Кооперативный, д. 5, г. Томск, 634009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Larionova</p><p>Kooperativny per., 5, Tomsk, 634009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-4177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юнусова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yunusova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юнусова Наталья Валерьевна — д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник лаборатории биохимии опухолей, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский НИМЦ Российской академии наук, профессор кафедры биохимии и молекулярной биологии с курсом клинической лабораторной диагностики, ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России.</p><p>Пер. Кооперативный, д. 5, г. Томск, 634009; Московский тракт, д. 2, г. Томск, 634050</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Yunusova</p><p>Kooperativny per., 5, Tomsk, 634009; Moskovsky trakt, 2, Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук; ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Добродеев А.Ю., Тарасова А.С., Афанасьев С.Г., Костромицкий Д.Н., Пономарева А.А., Бабышкина Н.Н., Дронова Т.А., Ларионова И.В., Юнусова Н.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Добродеев А.Ю., Тарасова А.С., Афанасьев С.Г., Костромицкий Д.Н., Пономарева А.А., Бабышкина Н.Н., Дронова Т.А., Ларионова И.В., Юнусова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dobrodeev A.Y., Tarasova A.S., Afanasyev S.G., Kostromitsky D.N., Ponomareva A.A., Babyshkina N.N., Dronova T.A., Larionova I.V., Yunusova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/2001">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/2001</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: оценить непосредственную эффективность и переносимость комбинированного лечения больных раком прямой кишки (РПК) с использованием предоперационной химиотаргетной терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: с 2021 г. проводится пилотное проспективное исследование с участием 22 больных РПК с диким типом гена KRAS и поражением верхнеампулярного отдела, из них женщин было 13 (59,1%), мужчин — 9 (40,9%). Клинические стадии: II — у 2 (9,1%) больных, III — у 20 (90,9%) больных. Комбинированное лечение включало 6 курсов химиотаргетной терапии mFOLFOX 6 + цетуксимаб и хирургическое лечение. После завершения хирургического лечения у больных с T4 и/или N + проводилась адъювантная химиотерапия на протяжении 6 месяцев (с учетом времени предоперационного лечения).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: завершенность предоперационного лечения составила 90,9%, снижение дозировок препаратов при проведении химиотаргетной терапии на 15% потребовалось у 9,1% больных. Нежелательные явления зафиксированы у 45,4% больных, из них токсичность III степени отмечена у 13,6% больных в виде нейтропении (9,1%) и кожной сыпи (4,5%). Клинико-рентгенологический эффект предоперационной химиотаргетной терапии составил 77,3%, включая полный (9,1%) и частичный (68,2%) регресс опухоли. Хирургическое лечение в радикальном объеме проведено у всех больных (100%). Частота послеоперационных осложнений не превышала 13,6%, при этом осложнения I ст. (по Сlavien-Dindo) составили 9,1%, осложнения IIIa ст. — 4,5%. Полный патоморфологический ответ опухоли (pCR, TRG 1 по Mandard) зафиксирован у 13,6% больных, а хороший ответ (TRG 1-2) достиг 31,8%.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: предоперационная химиотаргетная терапия у больных РПК II-III стадии с диким типом гена KRAS оказывает выраженное повреждающее действие на опухоль, при этом отмечается высокая завершенность лечения и приемлемый профиль токсичности, который не влияет на течение интраи послеоперационного периода. Непосредственные результаты расцениваются как обнадеживающие, для анализа выживаемости больных исследование продолжается.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: to assess early efficacy and tolerability of preoperative chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy in patients with rectal cancer (RC).</p></sec><sec><title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title><p>PATIENTS AND METHODS: a pilot prospective study including 22 RC patients with KRAS wild-type gene is ongoing from 2021. There are 13 (59.1%) females and 9 (40.9%) males. Stage II RC was diagnosed in 2 (9.1%) patients and stage III RC in 20 (90.9%) patients. All patients received 6 cycles of mFOLFOX 6 chemotherapy combined with cetuximab targeted therapy followed by surgery. After completion of surgical treatment, patients with T4 and/or N + received adjuvant chemotherapy for 6 months (taking into account the time of preoperative treatment).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: the completion rate of preoperative treatment was 90.9%, and a 15% reduction in drug dosages was required in 9.1% of patients. Adverse events were observed in 45.4% of patients. Grade III toxicity was noted in 13.6% of patients (neutropenia in 9.1% and skin rash in 4.5%). The clinical and radiological response to preoperative chemo-targeted therapy was 77.3%, including complete (9.1%) and partial (68.2%) tumor regression. All patients underwent radical surgery. The rate of postoperative complications was 13.6%. Grade I and grade IIIa complications (according to Сlavien-Dindo classification) were observed in 9.1% and 4.5% of cases. Pathological complete response (pCR, according to Mandard TRG 1) was achieved in 13.6% of patients, and good pathological response (TRG 1-2) was observed in 31.8% of patients.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: preoperative chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy in RC patients with the wild type of the KRAS gene has a pronounced damaging effect on the tumor, and an acceptable toxicity profile does not affect intraand postoperative period. The short-term outcomes have been found to be encouraging. The study is ongoing to analyze the survival of patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>предоперационная химиотаргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>объективный ответ</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>preoperative chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy</kwd><kwd>objective response</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd><kwd>surgery</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа поддержана грантом РНФ № 22-15-00212 от 13.05.2022 «Транскриптомные и протеомные маркеры прогноза и эффективности терапии метастатического рака толстой кишки»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-15-00212 dated May 13, 2022 «Transcriptomic and proteomic markers for the prognosis and effectiveness of therapy for metastatic colon cancer»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каприн А.Д., и соавт. Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2023 году (заболеваемость и смертность). М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России. 2024; 276 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaprin A.D., et al. Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2023 (morbidity and mortality). Moscow: P.A. Herzen Moscow Medical Research Institute — branch of the Federal State Budgetary Instituition. 2024; 276 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021 May;71(3):209–249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021 May;71(3):209–249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Невольских А.А., Авдеенко В.А., Белохвостова А.С., и соавт. Неоадъювантная химиотерапия в лечении больных раком прямой кишки с факторами неблагоприятного прогноза. Современная Онкология. 2022;24(3):389–398. doi: 10.26442/18151434.2022. 3.201806</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nevolskikh A.A., Avdeenko V.A., Belokhvostova A.S., et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for treatment patients with rectal cancer with adverse prognostic factors: A review. Journal of Modern Oncology. 2022;24(3):389–398. (In Russ.). doi: 10.26442/18151434.2022.3.201806</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федянин М.Ю., Трякин А.А. Неоадъювантная терапия при местнораспространенном раке прямой кишки. Тазовая хирургия и онкология. 2022;12(1):36–45. doi: 10.17650/2686-9594-2022-12-2-36-45</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedyanin M.Yu., Tryakin A.A. Neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. Tazovaya Khirurgiya i Onkologiya = Pelvic Surgery and Oncology. 2022;12(2):36–45. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17650/2686-9594-2022-12-2-36-45</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolff HA, Conradi LC, Beissbarth T, et al. German Rectal Cancer Study Group. Gender affects acute organ toxicity during radiochemotherapy for rectal cancer: long-term results of the German CAO/ ARO/AIO-94 phase III trial. Radiother Oncol. 2013 Jul;108(1):48–54. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.05.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolff HA, Conradi LC, Beissbarth T, et al. German Rectal Cancer Study Group. Gender affects acute organ toxicity during radiochemotherapy for rectal cancer: long-term results of the German CAO/ ARO/AIO-94 phase III trial. Radiother Oncol. 2013 Jul;108(1):48–54. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.05.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Downing A, Glaser AW, Finan PJ, et al. Functional Outcomes and Health-Related Quality of Life After Curative Treatment for Rectal Cancer: A Population-Level Study in England. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2019 Apr 1;103(5):1132–1142. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.12.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Downing A, Glaser AW, Finan PJ, et al. Functional Outcomes and Health-Related Quality of Life After Curative Treatment for Rectal Cancer: A Population-Level Study in England. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2019 Apr 1;103(5):1132–1142. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.12.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deng Y, Chi P, Lan P, et al. Neoadjuvant modified FOLFOX6 with or without radiation versus fluorouracil plus radiation for locally advanced rectal cancer: final results of the Chinese FOWARC trial. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Dec 1;37(34):3223–3233. doi: 10.1200/JCO.18.02309</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deng Y, Chi P, Lan P, et al. Neoadjuvant modified FOLFOX6 with or without radiation versus fluorouracil plus radiation for locally advanced rectal cancer: final results of the Chinese FOWARC trial. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Dec 1;37(34):3223–3233. doi: 10.1200/JCO.18.02309</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liang Z, Zhang Z, Wu D, et al. Effects of Preoperative Radiotherapy on Long-Term Bowel Function in Patients With Rectal Cancer Treated With Anterior Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2022 Jan-Dec;21:15330338221105156. doi: 10.1177/15330338221105156</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liang Z, Zhang Z, Wu D, et al. Effects of Preoperative Radiotherapy on Long-Term Bowel Function in Patients With Rectal Cancer Treated With Anterior Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2022 Jan-Dec;21:15330338221105156. doi: 10.1177/15330338221105156</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weng S, Zhong C, Sun W, et al. Preoperative treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: less is more. Med Comm. 2023 Dec 7;4(6):e443. doi: 10.1002/mco2.443</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weng S, Zhong C, Sun W, et al. Preoperative treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: less is more. Med Comm. 2023 Dec 7;4(6):e443. doi: 10.1002/mco2.443</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altomare NJ, Mulcahy MF. Evolution of therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2024 Jan;129(1):78–84. doi: 10.1002/jso.27531</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altomare NJ, Mulcahy MF. Evolution of therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2024 Jan;129(1):78–84. doi: 10.1002/jso.27531</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bahadoer R, Djkstra A, Ettent B, et al. Short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy before total mesorectal excision (TME) versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy, TME, and optional adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (RAPIDO): a randomised, open-label, phase3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22:29–42. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30555-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bahadoer R, Djkstra A, Ettent B, et al. Short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy before total mesorectal excision (TME) versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy, TME, and optional adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (RAPIDO): a randomised, open-label, phase3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22:29–42. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30555-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schrag D, Shi Q, Weiser MR, et al. Preoperative Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jul 27;389(4):322–334. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2303269</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schrag D, Shi Q, Weiser MR, et al. Preoperative Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jul 27;389(4):322–334. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2303269</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernandez-Martos C, Brown G, Estevan R, et al. Preoperative chemotherapy in patients with intermediate-risk rectal adenocarcinoma selected by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging: the GEMCAD 0801 Phase II Multicenter Trial. Oncologist. 2014 Oct;19(10):1042–3. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0233</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernandez-Martos C, Brown G, Estevan R, et al. Preoperative chemotherapy in patients with intermediate-risk rectal adenocarcinoma selected by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging: the GEMCAD 0801 Phase II Multicenter Trial. Oncologist. 2014 Oct;19(10):1042–3. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0233</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schrag D, Weiser MR, Goodman KA, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy without routine use of radiation therapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: a pilot trial. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Feb 20;32(6):513–8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.51.7904</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schrag D, Weiser MR, Goodman KA, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy without routine use of radiation therapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: a pilot trial. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Feb 20;32(6):513–8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.51.7904</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aoyama R, Hida K, Hasegawa S, et al. Long-term results of a phase 2 study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with molecularly targeted agents for locally advanced rectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. 2023 Mar;28(3):392–399. doi: 10.1007/s10147-023-02291-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aoyama R, Hida K, Hasegawa S, et al. Long-term results of a phase 2 study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with molecularly targeted agents for locally advanced rectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. 2023 Mar;28(3):392–399. doi: 10.1007/s10147-023-02291-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasegawa S, Goto S, Matsumoto T, et al. A Multicenter Phase 2 Study on the Feasibility and Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Without Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017 Nov;24(12):3587–3595. doi: 10.1245/s10434-017-5967-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasegawa S, Goto S, Matsumoto T, et al. A Multicenter Phase 2 Study on the Feasibility and Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Without Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017 Nov;24(12):3587–3595. doi: 10.1245/s10434-017-5967-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toritani K, Watanabe J, Suwa Y, et al. A prospective, single-arm, multicenter trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6 plus panitumumab without radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2020 Dec;35(12):2197–2204. doi: 10.1007/s00384-020-03693-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toritani K, Watanabe J, Suwa Y, et al. A prospective, single-arm, multicenter trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6 plus panitumumab without radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2020 Dec;35(12):2197–2204. doi: 10.1007/s00384-020-03693-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernandez-Martos C, Pericay C, Maurel J, et al. Phase II trial of neoadjuvant mFOLFOX 6 with panitumumab (P) in T3 rectal cancer with clear mesorectal fascia (MRF) and KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PI3KCA wild type (4WT). GEMCAD 1601 PIER trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2021;39:15_suppl.3512. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.351</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernandez-Martos C, Pericay C, Maurel J, et al. Phase II trial of neoadjuvant mFOLFOX 6 with panitumumab (P) in T3 rectal cancer with clear mesorectal fascia (MRF) and KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PI3KCA wild type (4WT). GEMCAD 1601 PIER trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2021;39:15_suppl.3512. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.351</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
