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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2025-24-2-67-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-1974</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Реальная клиническая практика хирургического лечения геморроидальной болезни</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The real clinical practice of surgery for hemorrhoidal disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2330-4229</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарманова</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garmanova</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гарманова Татьяна Николаевна — к.м.н., доцент кафедры хирургии ФФМ МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, научный сотрудник отдела хирургии МНОИ МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова.</p><p>Ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana N. Garmanova</p><p>Leninskie Gory st., 1, 119991, Moscow; Lomonosovsky Prospekt 27, bld. 10, 119192, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatianagarmanova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6322-7016</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казаченко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazachenko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казаченко Екатерина Александровна — специалист отдела планирования и организации научных исследований ФГБУ «НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих».</p><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, Москва, 123423, тел.: +7 (926) 972-19-22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Kazachenko</p><p>Salyama Adilya st., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekaterina.k.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2711-2400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркарьян</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markaryan</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маркарьян Даниил Рафаэлевич — к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отдела хирургии, заведующий отделением абдоминальной и торакальной онкологии МНОИ МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова.</p><p>Ул. Ломоносовский проспект, д. 27, корп. 10, г. Москва, 119192</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil R. Markaryan</p><p>Lomonosovsky Prospekt 27, bld. 10, 119192, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmarkaryan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2768-4305</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукьянов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukyanov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лукьянов Александр Максимович — аспирант II года обучения ФФМ МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, врачхирург хирургического отделения МНОИ МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова.</p><p>Ул. Ленинские Горы, д. 1, 119991, Москва; ул. Ломоносовский проспект, д. 27, корп. 10, г. Москва, 119192</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander M. Lukyanov</p><p>Leninskie Gory st., 1, 119991, Moscow; Lomonosovsky Prospekt 27, bld. 10, 119192, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexmaxl@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6569-7078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агапов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agapov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агапов Михаил Андреевич — д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник отдела хирургии МНОИ МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова.</p><p>Ул. Ломоносовский проспект, д. 27, корп. 10, г. Москва, 119192</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Agapov</p><p>Lomonosovsky Prospekt 27, bld. 10, 119192, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">getinfo911@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, факультет фундаментальной медицины; МНОИ МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, Университетская клиника МГУ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine (Lomonosov Moscow State University); Medical Scientific and Educational Institute of Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov Moscow State University) (University Clinic of Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryzhikh National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МНОИ МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, Университетская клиника МГУ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Scientific and Educational Institute of Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov Moscow State University) (University Clinic of Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МНОИ МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, Университетская клиника МГУ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Scientific and Educational Institute of Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov Moscow State University) (University Clinic of Moscow State University&#13;
Lomonosovsky Prospekt 27, bld. 10, 119192, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гарманова Т.Н., Казаченко Е.А., Маркарьян Д.Р., Лукьянов А.М., Агапов М.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гарманова Т.Н., Казаченко Е.А., Маркарьян Д.Р., Лукьянов А.М., Агапов М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Garmanova T.N., Kazachenko E.A., Markaryan D.R., Lukyanov A.M., Agapov M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1974">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1974</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: определение реальной клинической практики лечения геморроидальной болезни среди российских врачей.</p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: предварительно был составлен список подробных вопросов по тактике ведения пациентов с геморроем в периоперационном периоде. Опросник распространялся c 12.01.2024 по 30.06.2024 гг. в электронной форме с помощью образовательного проекта ProctoWeb и самостоятельно авторами данной работы. В анализ включались ответы участников, имеющих специальность «Колопроктология» или «Хирургия», выполняющих открытую геморроидэктомию.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: всего проанализировано 78 ответов. 84,6% участников имеют специальность «Колопроктология»; в частных клиниках работают 53,8%, в городских больницах — 24,4%. Предоперационную анальгезию назначают 56,4% респондентов: флеботоники (38,5%), нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты (НПВС) (28,2%) и метронидазол (12,8%). Как для рассечения кожи, так и для коагуляции сосудов чаще всего используется монополярная или биполярная электрокоагуляция. Около половины участников в обоих случаях устанавливают мощность инструмента на энергетической платформе COVIDIEN FORCE TRIAD от 20 до 40 Вт. 82% участников не используют дополнительную коагуляцию в профилактических целях, 64,1% не устанавливают марлевый тампон в анальный канал после геморроидэктомии. 75,6% респондентов планово назначают послеоперационное обезболивание: НПВС (98,7%), местные анестетики (60,3%), флеботоники (53,8%) и парацетамол (41,0%). 67,9%участников имеют свою стандартную схему обезболивания, а 44,9% придерживаются мультимодальной схемы. Перед назначением опиоидных анальгетиков 78,2% респондентов в первую очередь назначают неопиоидные обезболивающие, а 19,2% включают сильнодействующие/опиоидные анальгетики в плановое послеоперационное обезболивание. Более 40% участников при болевом синдроме в 6–7 баллов по ВАШ назначают трамадол и более 30% при уровне боли более 8 баллов по ВАШ. Менее 15% респондентов также назначают трамадол планово перед выпиской пациента. По результатам анализа значимых различий по вопросам периоперационного ведения пациентов с геморроем не выявлено между врачами из частных клиник, городских больниц и областных центров.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: данное исследование позволило описать реальную киническую практику открытой геморроидэктомии в России. Большинство врачей придерживаются современных тенденций периоперационного ведения пациентов с геморроем, однако некоторые аспекты все еще остаются спорными в отношении целесообразности и безопасности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: to estimate the actual clinical practice of hemorrhoidal disease treatment among Russian doctors.</p></sec><sec><title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title><p>PATIENTS AND METHODS: the questionnaire with detailed questions on the management of patients with haemorrhoids in the perioperative period was distributed electronically through the ProctoWeb educational project and by the authors from 12.01.2024 to 30.06.2024. The study included responses from coloproctologists or surgeons who perform open hemorrhoidectomy.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: seventy-eight responses were obtained and 84.6% of participants were coloproctologists in private (53.8%) or city hospitals (24.4%). More than a half (56.4%) of respondents prescribe preoperative analgesia (Phlebotonics (38.5%), NSAIDs (28.2%) and Metronidazole (12.8%)). Monopolar or bipolar electrocoagulation is most often used for both skin dissection and vascular coagulation with setting of instrument’s power of 20–40 Watt on the COVIDIEN FORCE TRIAD energy platform by a half of participants. The majority (82.0%) don’t use additional coagulation, 64.1% don’t insert a swab into the anal canal after hemorrhoidectomy. 75.6% of respondents routinely prescribe postoperative anesthesia (NSAIDs (98.7%), local anesthetics (60.3%), phlebotonics (53.8%), paracetamol (41.0%)).67.9% of respondents prescribe analgesics according to their own standard regimen, 44.9% of respondents apply a multimodal analgesia. 78.2% of respondents initially prescribe non-opioid drugs prior to prescribing opioids, 19.2% of participants prescribe opioid analgesics as planned postoperative pain management. The indication pain level for prescribing tramadol for more than 40% of respondents is 6–7 points according to VAS, and for most of others — 8 points. Less than 15% of respondents usually prescribe tramadol before the discharge. There were no significant differences in the perioperative management tactics between doctors from private, city and regional hospitals.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: we have described the actual clinical practice of open hemorrhoidectomy in Russia. Most doctors adhere to current trends in the perioperative management of patients with haemorrhoids, however, some statements still remain controversial regarding the feasibility and safety.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>геморроидальная болезнь</kwd><kwd>мультимодальная анальгезия</kwd><kwd>открытая геморроидэктомия</kwd><kwd>клиническая практика</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение геморроя</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hemorrhoidal disease</kwd><kwd>multimodal analgesia</kwd><kwd>open hemorrhoidectomy</kwd><kwd>clinical practice</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment of haemorrhoids</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gallo G, Martellucci J, Sturiale A, et al. Consensus statement of the Italian society of colorectal surgery (SICCR): management and treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. 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