<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2025-24-1-123-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-1973</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль микробиоты в патогенезе и клиническом течении дивертикулярной болезни (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and clinical course of diverticular disease (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0044-1259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суворов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suvorov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суворов Вячеслав Александрович — врач-хирург, ассистент кафедры хирургических дисциплин, образовательно-научный-кластер «МЕДБИО»</p><p>ул. А. Невского, д. 14, г. Калининград, 236041, тел.: +7 (906) 906-216-96-23 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viacheslav A. Suvorov </p><p>A. Nevsky st., 14, Kaliningrad, 236041 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Suvorovvv9cheslav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0352-2317</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Какоткин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kakotkin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Какоткин Виктор Викторович — ассистент кафедры хирургических дисциплин </p><p>ул. А. Невского, д. 14, г. Калининград, 236041 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor V. Kakotkin </p><p>A. Nevsky st., 14, Kaliningrad, 236041 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6569-7078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агапов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agapov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агапов Михаил Андреевич — д.м.н., профессор кафедры хирургических дисциплин </p><p>ул. А. Невского, д. 14, г. Калининград, 236041 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Agapov </p><p>A. Nevsky st., 14, Kaliningrad, 236041 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Балтийский федеральный университет имени Иммануила Канта»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Суворов В.А., Какоткин В.В., Агапов М.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Суворов В.А., Какоткин В.В., Агапов М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Suvorov V.A., Kakotkin V.V., Agapov M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1973">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1973</self-uri><abstract><p>ЦЕЛЬ: провести анализ наиболее перспективных направлений в области изучения микробиома толстой кишки у пациентов с осложненными формами дивертикулярной болезни, которые могут быть использованы в клинической практике.МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: выполнен систематический поиск литературы по электронным базам данных (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Researchgate, Scopus) за последние 20 лет. Первично было найдено: 14 метаанализов, 342 обзора, 116 клинических исследований, 27 экспериментальных исследования. После скрининга и оценки резюме было отобрано 12 метаанализов, 24 обзора, 22 клинических исследования, 5 экспериментальных исследований. Данная статья подготовлена в соответствии со стандартами PRISMA.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: у пациентов с дивертикулярной болезнью наблюдается снижение количества Bacteroidetes, Fusobacterium, кластеров Clostridium IV и IX, Lactobacillaceae, а также других микроорганизмов, обладающих противовоспалительными свойствами и способных синтезировать короткоцепочечные жирные кислоты. Кроме того, при всех типах дивертикулярной болезни происходит увеличение популяции Roseburia hominis и Akkermansia muciniphila. При осложненном течении дивертикулярной болезни отмечается увеличение количества представителей семейства Proteobacteria, а при симптоматически неосложненной дивертикулярной болезни — Firmicutes. Согласно исследованиям, у пациентов с различными формами дивертикулярной болезни в крови отмечается изменение концентрации специфических мочевых и фекальных биомаркеров — гиппурата, кининуренина и короткоцепочных жирных кислот, поэтому оценка метаболома может считается оправданной целью при определении и прогнозировании изменения микробиома у данных пациентов.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: результаты исследований указывают на то, что баланс между симбиотами и патобионтами играет важную роль в профилактике возникновения дисбиоза, который способен усугубить воспалительный процесс в области дивертикулов и способствует развитию осложнений. Имеются данные, что усиление тяжести воспаления при дивертикулярной болезни может быть связано с увеличением родового разнообразия фекальной микробиоты. Отдельные бактериальные метаболиты могут выступать в качестве диагностических и прогностических маркеров тяжести течения заболевания. Дальнейшее изучение состава кишечной микробиоты и влияния ее метаболитов на течение дивертикулярной болезни могут способствовать разработке оптимальной стратегии ведения пациентов, направленной на снижение частоты, тяжести обострений и профилактику рецидивов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>AIM: to assess the most promising areas in the field of studying the microbiome of the colon in patients with complicated forms of diverticular disease, which can be used in clinical practice.MATERIALS AND METHODS: a systematic literature search of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Research gate, Scopus) for the past 20 years was done. Initially, 14 meta-analyses, 342 reviews, 116 clinical studies, and 27 experimental studies were found. After screening and evaluating the summary, 12 meta-analyses, 24 reviews, 22 clinical studies, and 5 experimental studies were selected. This article has been prepared in accordance with PRISMA standards.RESULTS: there is a decrease in the representation of Bacteroidetes, Fusobacterium, Clostridium clusters IV and IX, Lactobacillaceae, and other microorganisms with anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to synthesize shortchain fatty acids. In addition, in all types of diverticular disease, there is an increase in the population of Roseburia hominis and Akkermansia muciniphila. With a complicated course of diverticular disease, there is an increase in the number of representatives of the Proteobacteria family, and with symptomatically uncomplicated diverticular disease — Firmicutes. According to studies, there is a change in the concentration of specific urinary and fecal biomarkers in the blood — hippurate, kininurenine and short-chain fatty acids, therefore, the assessment of the metabolome may be considered a justified goal in determining and predicting changes in the microbiome in these patients with diverticular disease.CONCLUSION: there is evidence that an increase in the severity of inflammation in diverticular disease may be associated with an increase in the generic diversity of the fecal microbiota. Other bacterial metabolites can act as diagnostic and prognostic markers of the severity of the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дивертикулярная болезнь</kwd><kwd>осложнения</kwd><kwd>кишечная микробиота</kwd><kwd>микробиота и дивертикулит</kwd><kwd>метаболиты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Diverticular disease</kwd><kwd>intestinal microbiota</kwd><kwd>microbiota and diverticulitis</kwd><kwd>microbiota metabolites</kwd><kwd>SUDD</kwd><kwd>AUD</kwd><kwd>ENS</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда №24-25-00020, https://rscf.ru/project/24-25-00020/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 24-25-00020, https://rscf.ru/project/24-25-00020/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peery AF, Crockett SD, Barritt AS. Burden of Gastrointestinal, Liver, and Pancreatic Diseases in the United States. Gastroenterology. 2015 Dec;149(7):1731–1741.e3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peery AF, Crockett SD, Barritt AS. Burden of Gastrointestinal, Liver, and Pancreatic Diseases in the United States. Gastroenterology. 2015 Dec;149(7):1731–1741.e3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ливзан М.А., Гаус О.В., Лисовский М.А. Дивертикулярная болезнь: микробиота в фокусе внимания клинициста. РМЖ. 2023;5:20–26</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Livzan M.A., Gaus O.V., Lisovsky M.A. Diverticular disease: gut microbiota in the clinician’s practice. RMJ. 2023;5:20– 26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tursi A, Scarpignato C, Strat, LL, et al. (2020). Author Correction: Colonic diverticular disease. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 6(1). doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-0192-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tursi A, Scarpignato C, Strat, LL, et al. (2020). Author Correction: Colonic diverticular disease. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 6(1). doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-0192-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драпкина О.М., Лазебник Л.Б., Бакулин И.Г., и соавт. Дивертикулярная болезнь толстой кишки: клиническая картина, диагностика, лечение и профилактика. Клинические рекомендации Российского научного медицинского общества терапевтов, Научного общества гастроэнтерологов России, Общества гастроэнтерологов и гепатологов «Северо-Запад». Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2023;2:33–69. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-210-2-33-69</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina O.M., Lazebnik L.B., Bakulin I.G., et al. Colonic diverticular disease: clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention Clinical guidelines of the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine, the Gastroenterological Scientific Society of Russia, and the NorthWest Society of Gastroenterologists and Hepatologists. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2023;(2):33–69. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-210-2-33-69</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации. Дивертикулярная болезнь 25.06.2021. Утверждены Минздравом РФ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical recommendations. Diverticular disease 06/25/2021. Approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Emile SH, Elfeki H, Sakr A, et al. Management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis without antibiotics: a systematic review, metaanalysis, and meta-regression of predictors of treatment failure. Tech Coloproctol. 2018 Jul;22(7):499–509. doi: 10.1007/s10151-018-1817-y Epub 2018 Jul 6. PMID: 29980885.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emile SH, Elfeki H, Sakr A, et al. Management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis without antibiotics: a systematic review, metaanalysis, and meta-regression of predictors of treatment failure. Tech Coloproctol. 2018 Jul;22(7):499–509. doi: 10.1007/s10151-018-1817-y Epub 2018 Jul 6. PMID: 29980885.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sartelli M, Tascini C, Coccolini F, et al. Management of intraabdominal infections: recommendations by the Italian council for the optimization of antimicrobial use. World J Emerg Surg. 2024;19:23. doi: 10.1186/s13017-024-00551-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sartelli M, Tascini C, Coccolini F, et al. Management of intraabdominal infections: recommendations by the Italian council for the optimization of antimicrobial use. World J Emerg Surg. 2024;19:23. doi: 10.1186/s13017-024-00551-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Simone B, Coccolini F, Catena F, et al. Benefits of WSES guidelines application for the management of intra-abdominal infections. World J Emerg Surg. 2015;10:18. doi: 10.1186/s13017-015-0013-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Simone B, Coccolini F, Catena F, et al. Benefits of WSES guidelines application for the management of intra-abdominal infections. World J Emerg Surg. 2015;10:18. doi: 10.1186/s13017-015-0013-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams S, Bjarnason I, Hayee B, et al. Diverticular disease: update on pathophysiology, classification and management. Frontline Gastroenterology. 2024;15:50–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams S, Bjarnason I, Hayee B, et al. Diverticular disease: update on pathophysiology, classification and management. Frontline Gastroenterology. 2024;15:50–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikolenko VN, Oganesyan MV, Sankova MV, et al. Paneth cells: Maintaining dynamic microbiome-host homeostasis, protecting against inflammation and cancer. Bioessays. 2021, 43, 2000180</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikolenko VN, Oganesyan MV, Sankova MV, et al. Paneth cells: Maintaining dynamic microbiome-host homeostasis, protecting against inflammation and cancer. Bioessays. 2021, 43, 2000180</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Rossen TM, Ooijevaar RE, Kuyvenhoven JP, et al. Microbiota composition and mucosal immunity in patients with asymptomatic diverticulosis and controls. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0256657.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Rossen TM, Ooijevaar RE, Kuyvenhoven JP, et al. Microbiota composition and mucosal immunity in patients with asymptomatic diverticulosis and controls. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0256657.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexandersson BT, Hugerth LW, Hedin C, et al. Diverticulosis is not associated with altered gut microbiota nor is it predictive of future diverticulitis: a population-based colonoscopy study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2023;1-8. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2194010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexandersson BT, Hugerth LW, Hedin C, et al. Diverticulosis is not associated with altered gut microbiota nor is it predictive of future diverticulitis: a population-based colonoscopy study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2023;1-8. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2194010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Serek P, Oleksy-Wawrzyniak M. The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;222:1359.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serek P, Oleksy-Wawrzyniak M. The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;222:1359.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barbara G, Scaioli E, Barbaro MR, et al. Gut microbiota, metabolome and immune signatures in patients with uncomplicated diverticular disease. Gut. 2017 Jul;66(7):1252–1261. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312377 Epub 2016 Sep 12. PMID: 27618836.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barbara G, Scaioli E, Barbaro MR, et al. Gut microbiota, metabolome and immune signatures in patients with uncomplicated diverticular disease. Gut. 2017 Jul;66(7):1252–1261. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312377 Epub 2016 Sep 12. PMID: 27618836.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daniels L, Budding AE, de Korte N, et al. Fecal microbiome analysis as a diagnostic test for diverticulitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014 Nov;33(11):1927–36. doi: 10.1007/s10096-014-2162-3 Epub 2014 Jun 4. PMID: 24894339.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daniels L, Budding AE, de Korte N, et al. Fecal microbiome analysis as a diagnostic test for diverticulitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014 Nov;33(11):1927–36. doi: 10.1007/s10096-014-2162-3 Epub 2014 Jun 4. PMID: 24894339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левченко С.В. Противорецидивное лечение дивертикулита толстой кишки. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2014;107(7):45–54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levchenko S.V. Anti-recurrent treatment of colon diverticulitis. Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Gastroenterologiya. 2014;107(7):45–54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kvasnovsky C.L, Leong L.X, Choo J.M, et al. Clinical and symptom scores are significantly correlated with fecal microbiota features in patients with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease: a pilot study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Jan;30(1):107–112. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000995 PMID: 29084074.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kvasnovsky C.L, Leong L.X, Choo J.M, et al. Clinical and symptom scores are significantly correlated with fecal microbiota features in patients with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease: a pilot study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Jan;30(1):107–112. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000995 PMID: 29084074.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tursi A, Mastromarino P, Capobianco D, et al. Assessment of Fecal Microbiota and Fecal Metabolome in Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease of the Colon. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016 Oct;50 Suppl 1:S9–S12. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000626 PMID: 27622378.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tursi A, Mastromarino P, Capobianco D, et al. Assessment of Fecal Microbiota and Fecal Metabolome in Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease of the Colon. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016 Oct;50 Suppl 1:S9–S12. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000626 PMID: 27622378.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Linninge C, Roth B, Erlanson-Albertsson C, et al. Abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in the colon mucosa in diverticular disease. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 2018 Feb 15;9(1):18–27. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v9.i1.18 PMID: 29487763; PMCID: PMC5823699.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Linninge C, Roth B, Erlanson-Albertsson C, et al. Abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in the colon mucosa in diverticular disease. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 2018 Feb 15;9(1):18–27. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v9.i1.18 PMID: 29487763; PMCID: PMC5823699.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mj O, Turner GA, Frizelle FA, et al. Distinct changes in the colonic microbiome associated with acute diverticulitis. Colorectal Dis. 2022 Dec;24(12):1591–1601. doi: 10.1111/codi.16271 Epub 2022 Aug 11. PMID: 35950499; PMCID: PMC10087140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mj O, Turner GA, Frizelle FA, et al. Distinct changes in the colonic microbiome associated with acute diverticulitis. Colorectal Dis. 2022 Dec;24(12):1591–1601. doi: 10.1111/codi.16271 Epub 2022 Aug 11. PMID: 35950499; PMCID: PMC10087140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Humes DJ, Simpson J, Smith J, et al. Visceral hypersensitivity in symptomatic diverticular disease and the role of neuropeptides and low grade inflammation. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012 Apr;24(4):318–e163. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01863.x Epub 2012 Jan 25. PMID: 22276853.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Humes DJ, Simpson J, Smith J, et al. Visceral hypersensitivity in symptomatic diverticular disease and the role of neuropeptides and low grade inflammation. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012 Apr;24(4):318–e163. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01863.x Epub 2012 Jan 25. PMID: 22276853.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schieffer KM, Kline BP, Harris LR, et al. (2018) A differential host response to viral infection defines a subset of earlier-onset diverticulitis patients. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 27(3):249–255.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schieffer KM, Kline BP, Harris LR, et al. (2018) A differential host response to viral infection defines a subset of earlier-onset diverticulitis patients. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 27(3):249–255.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scarpignato C, Barbara G, Lanas A, et al. Management of colonic diverticular disease in the third millennium: Highlights from a symposium held during the United European Gastroenterology Week 2017. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2018;11:1756284818771305. doi: 10.1177/1756284818771305</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scarpignato C, Barbara G, Lanas A, et al. Management of colonic diverticular disease in the third millennium: Highlights from a symposium held during the United European Gastroenterology Week 2017. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2018;11:1756284818771305. doi: 10.1177/1756284818771305</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schieffer KM, Kline BP, Harris LR, et al. (2018) A differential host response to viral infection defines a subset of earlier-onset diverticulitis patients. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 27(3):249–255.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schieffer KM, Kline BP, Harris LR, et al. (2018) A differential host response to viral infection defines a subset of earlier-onset diverticulitis patients. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 27(3):249–255.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jones RB, Fodor AA, Peery AF, et al. An Aberrant Microbiota is not Strongly Associated with Incidental Colonic Diverticulosis. Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 21;8(1):4951. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23023-z PMID: 29563543; PMCID: PMC5862835.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jones RB, Fodor AA, Peery AF, et al. An Aberrant Microbiota is not Strongly Associated with Incidental Colonic Diverticulosis. Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 21;8(1):4951. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23023-z PMID: 29563543; PMCID: PMC5862835.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mj O, Turner GA, Frizelle FA, et al. Distinct changes in the colonic microbiome associated with acute diverticulitis. Colorectal Dis. 2022 Dec;24(12):1591–1601. doi: 10.1111/codi.16271 Epub 2022 Aug 11. PMID: 35950499; PMCID: PMC10087140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mj O, Turner GA, Frizelle FA, et al. Distinct changes in the colonic microbiome associated with acute diverticulitis. Colorectal Dis. 2022 Dec;24(12):1591–1601. doi: 10.1111/codi.16271 Epub 2022 Aug 11. PMID: 35950499; PMCID: PMC10087140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopetuso LR, Petito V, Graziani C, et al. Gut Microbiota in Health, Diverticular Disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Time for Microbial Marker of Gastrointestinal Disorders. Dig Dis. 2018;36(1):56–65. doi: 10.1159/000477205 Epub 2017 Jul 7. PMID: 28683448.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopetuso LR, Petito V, Graziani C, et al. Gut Microbiota in Health, Diverticular Disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Time for Microbial Marker of Gastrointestinal Disorders. Dig Dis. 2018;36(1):56–65. doi: 10.1159/000477205 Epub 2017 Jul 7. PMID: 28683448.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schieffer KM, Sabey K, Wright JR, et al. The Microbial Ecosystem Distinguishes Chronically Diseased Tissue from Adjacent Tissue in the Sigmoid Colon of Chronic, Recurrent Diverticulitis Patients. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 16;7(1):8467. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06787-8 PMID: 28814777; PMCID: PMC5559482.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schieffer KM, Sabey K, Wright JR, et al. The Microbial Ecosystem Distinguishes Chronically Diseased Tissue from Adjacent Tissue in the Sigmoid Colon of Chronic, Recurrent Diverticulitis Patients. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 16;7(1):8467. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06787-8 PMID: 28814777; PMCID: PMC5559482.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zitomersky NL, Atkinson BJ, Franklin SW, et al. Characterization of adherent bacteroidales from intestinal biopsies of children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 11;8(6):e63686. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063686 PMID: 23776434; PMCID: PMC3679120</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zitomersky NL, Atkinson BJ, Franklin SW, et al. Characterization of adherent bacteroidales from intestinal biopsies of children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 11;8(6):e63686. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063686 PMID: 23776434; PMCID: PMC3679120</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peterson DA, McNulty NP, Guruge JL, et al. IgA response to symbiotic bacteria as a mediator of gut homeostasis. Cell Host Microbe. 2007 Nov 15;2(5):328–39. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2007.09.013 PMID: 18005754.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peterson DA, McNulty NP, Guruge JL, et al. IgA response to symbiotic bacteria as a mediator of gut homeostasis. Cell Host Microbe. 2007 Nov 15;2(5):328–39. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2007.09.013 PMID: 18005754.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stumpf M, Cao W, Klinge U, et al. Increased distribution of collagen type III and reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 in patients with diverticular disease. Int J Color Dis. 2001;16(5):271– 275</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stumpf M, Cao W, Klinge U, et al. Increased distribution of collagen type III and reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 in patients with diverticular disease. Int J Color Dis. 2001;16(5):271– 275</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kauppila JH, Karttunen TJ, Saarnio J, et al. Short DNA sequences and bacterial DNA induce esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer cell invasion. APMIS. 2013 Jun;121(6):511–22. doi: 10.1111/apm.12016 Epub 2012 Oct 22. PMID: 23082743.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kauppila JH, Karttunen TJ, Saarnio J, et al. Short DNA sequences and bacterial DNA induce esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer cell invasion. APMIS. 2013 Jun;121(6):511–22. doi: 10.1111/apm.12016 Epub 2012 Oct 22. PMID: 23082743.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosemar A, Ivarsson ML, Börjesson L, et al. Increased concentration of tissue-degrading matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitor in complicated diverticular disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007 Feb;42(2):215–20. doi: 10.1080/00365520600960104 PMID: 17327941.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosemar A, Ivarsson ML, Börjesson L, et al. Increased concentration of tissue-degrading matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitor in complicated diverticular disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007 Feb;42(2):215–20. doi: 10.1080/00365520600960104 PMID: 17327941.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ulmer TF, Rosch R, Mossdorf A, et al. Colonic wall changes in patients with diverticular disease — is there a predisposition for a complicated course? Int J Surg. 2014;12(5):426–31. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.03.014 Epub 2014 Mar 25. PMID: 24681094.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulmer TF, Rosch R, Mossdorf A, et al. Colonic wall changes in patients with diverticular disease — is there a predisposition for a complicated course? Int J Surg. 2014;12(5):426–31. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.03.014 Epub 2014 Mar 25. PMID: 24681094.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mimura T, Bateman AC, Lee RL, et al. Up-regulation of collagen and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase in colonic diverticular disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004 Mar;47(3):371–8; discussion 378-9. doi: 10.1007/s10350-003-0050-5 PMID: 14991500.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mimura T, Bateman AC, Lee RL, et al. Up-regulation of collagen and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase in colonic diverticular disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004 Mar;47(3):371–8; discussion 378-9. doi: 10.1007/s10350-003-0050-5 PMID: 14991500.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Floch MH. A hypothesis: is diverticulitis a type of inflammatory bowel disease? J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006 Aug;40 Suppl 3:S121–5. doi: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000225502.29498.ba PMID: 16885694</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Floch MH. A hypothesis: is diverticulitis a type of inflammatory bowel disease? J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006 Aug;40 Suppl 3:S121–5. doi: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000225502.29498.ba PMID: 16885694</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brennan CA, Clay SL, Lavoie SL, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum drives a pro-inflammatory intestinal microenvironment through metabolite receptor-dependent modulation of IL-17 expression. Gut Microbes. 2021 Jan-Dec;13(1):1987780. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1987780</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brennan CA, Clay SL, Lavoie SL, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum drives a pro-inflammatory intestinal microenvironment through metabolite receptor-dependent modulation of IL-17 expression. Gut Microbes. 2021 Jan-Dec;13(1):1987780. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1987780</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jang C, Hui S, Lu W, et al. The Small Intestine Converts Dietary Fructose into Glucose and Organic Acids. Cell Metab. 2018 Feb 6;27(2):351–361.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.12.016 PMID: 29414685; PMCID: PMC6032988.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jang C, Hui S, Lu W, et al. The Small Intestine Converts Dietary Fructose into Glucose and Organic Acids. Cell Metab. 2018 Feb 6;27(2):351–361.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.12.016 PMID: 29414685; PMCID: PMC6032988.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marchesi JR, Adams DH, Fava F, et al. The gut microbiota and host health: a new clinical frontier. Gut. 2016 Feb;65(2):330–9. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309990 Epub 2015 Sep 2. PMID: 26338727; PMCID: PMC4752653.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchesi JR, Adams DH, Fava F, et al. The gut microbiota and host health: a new clinical frontier. Gut. 2016 Feb;65(2):330–9. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309990 Epub 2015 Sep 2. PMID: 26338727; PMCID: PMC4752653.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun M, Wu W, Liu Z, et al. Microbiota metabolite short chain fatty acids, GPCR, and inflammatory bowel diseases. J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jan;52(1):1–8. doi: 10.1007/s00535-016-1242-9 Epub 2016 Jul 23. PMID: 27448578; PMCID: PMC5215992.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun M, Wu W, Liu Z, et al. Microbiota metabolite short chain fatty acids, GPCR, and inflammatory bowel diseases. J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jan;52(1):1–8. doi: 10.1007/s00535-016-1242-9 Epub 2016 Jul 23. PMID: 27448578; PMCID: PMC5215992.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pomare EW, Branch WJ, Cummings JH. Carbohydrate fermentation in the human colon and its relation to acetate concentrations in venous blood. J Clin Invest. 1985 May;75(5):1448–54. doi: 10.1172/JCI111847 PMID: 3998144; PMCID: PMC425482.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pomare EW, Branch WJ, Cummings JH. Carbohydrate fermentation in the human colon and its relation to acetate concentrations in venous blood. J Clin Invest. 1985 May;75(5):1448–54. doi: 10.1172/JCI111847 PMID: 3998144; PMCID: PMC425482.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jung TH, Park JH, Jeon WM, et al. Butyrate modulates bacterial adherence on LS174T human colorectal cells by stimulating mucin secretion and MAPK signaling pathway. Nutr Res Pract. 2015 Aug;9(4):343–9. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.4.343 Epub 2015 Jul 17. PMID: 26244071; PMCID: PMC4523476.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jung TH, Park JH, Jeon WM, et al. Butyrate modulates bacterial adherence on LS174T human colorectal cells by stimulating mucin secretion and MAPK signaling pathway. Nutr Res Pract. 2015 Aug;9(4):343–9. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.4.343 Epub 2015 Jul 17. PMID: 26244071; PMCID: PMC4523476.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schilderink R, Verseijden C, Seppen J, et al. The SCFA butyrate stimulates the epithelial production of retinoic acid via inhibition of epithelial HDAC. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2016 Jun 1;310(11):G1138-46. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00411.2015 Epub 2016 May 5. PMID: 27151945.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schilderink R, Verseijden C, Seppen J, et al. The SCFA butyrate stimulates the epithelial production of retinoic acid via inhibition of epithelial HDAC. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2016 Jun 1;310(11):G1138-46. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00411.2015 Epub 2016 May 5. PMID: 27151945.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schulthess J, Pandey S, Capitani M, et al. The Short Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Imprints an Antimicrobial Program in Macrophages. Immunity. 2019 Feb 19;50(2):432–445.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.018 Epub 2019 Jan 23. PMID: 30683619; PMCID: PMC6382411.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schulthess J, Pandey S, Capitani M, et al. The Short Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Imprints an Antimicrobial Program in Macrophages. Immunity. 2019 Feb 19;50(2):432–445.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.018 Epub 2019 Jan 23. PMID: 30683619; PMCID: PMC6382411.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith PM, Howitt MR, Panikov N, et al. The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic Treg Cell Homeostasis. Science. 2013;341 (6145) (July 4): 569–573. doi: 10.1126/science.1241165</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith PM, Howitt MR, Panikov N, et al. The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic Treg Cell Homeostasis. Science. 2013;341 (6145) (July 4): 569–573. doi: 10.1126/science.1241165</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonçalves P, Araújo JR, Di Santo JP. A cross-talk between microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and the host mucosal immune system regulates intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2018;24(3):558–572. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izx029</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonçalves P, Araújo JR, Di Santo JP. A cross-talk between microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and the host mucosal immune system regulates intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2018;24(3):558–572. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izx029</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacobs DO. Clinical practice. Diverticulitis. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 15;357(20):2057–66. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp073228 PMID: 18003962.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacobs DO. Clinical practice. Diverticulitis. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 15;357(20):2057–66. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp073228 PMID: 18003962.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Byndloss MX, Olsan EE, Rivera-Chávez F, et al. Microbiotaactivated PPAR-γ signaling inhibits dysbiotic Enterobacteriaceae expansion. Science. 2017;357(6351):570–575. doi: 10.1126/science.aam9949</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Byndloss MX, Olsan EE, Rivera-Chávez F, et al. Microbiotaactivated PPAR-γ signaling inhibits dysbiotic Enterobacteriaceae expansion. Science. 2017;357(6351):570–575. doi: 10.1126/science.aam9949</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonçalves P, Araújo JR, Di Santo JP. A cross-talk between microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and the host mucosal immune system regulates intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2018;24(3):558–572. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izx029</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonçalves P, Araújo JR, Di Santo JP. A cross-talk between microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and the host mucosal immune system regulates intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2018;24(3):558–572. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izx029</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barbara G, Cremon C, Barbaro MR, et al. Treatment of Diverticular Disease With Aminosalicylates: The Evidence. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016;50 Suppl 1:S60–S63. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000611</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barbara G, Cremon C, Barbaro MR, et al. Treatment of Diverticular Disease With Aminosalicylates: The Evidence. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016;50 Suppl 1:S60–S63. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000611</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Маев И.В., Абдулганиева Д.И., и соавт. Практические рекомендации Научного сообщества по содействию клиническому изучению микробиома человека (НСОИМ) и Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации (РГА) по применению пробиотиков для лечения и профилактики заболеваний гастроэнтерологического профиля у взрослых. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2020;30(2):76–89. doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2021-31-2-65-91</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Mayev I.V., et al. Practical Recommendations of Scientific Society for the Study of Human Microbiome and the Russian Gastroenterological Association on Use of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics and Functional Foods in Treatment and Prevention of Gastroenterological Diseases in Children and Adults. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2021;31(2):65–91. (In Russ.) doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2021-31-2-65-91</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quigley EM. Gut microbiota, inflammation and symptomatic diverticular disease. New insights into an old and neglected disorder. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2010 Jun;19(2):127–9. PMID: 20593043.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quigley EM. Gut microbiota, inflammation and symptomatic diverticular disease. New insights into an old and neglected disorder. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2010 Jun;19(2):127–9. PMID: 20593043.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takehiro H, Hiroshi N. The Multifaceted Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System of the Intestinal Mucosa. Immuno. 2021, 1(4), 583-594.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takehiro H, Hiroshi N. The Multifaceted Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System of the Intestinal Mucosa. Immuno. 2021, 1(4), 583-594.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carvalho AL, Fonseca S, Miquel-Clopés A, et al. Bioengineering commensal bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles for delivery of biologics to the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 2019;8(1):1632100. doi: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1632100</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carvalho AL, Fonseca S, Miquel-Clopés A, et al. Bioengineering commensal bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles for delivery of biologics to the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 2019;8(1):1632100. doi: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1632100</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyamoto J, Mizukure T, Park SB, et al. A gut microbial metabolite of linoleic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid, ameliorates intestinal epithelial barrier impairment partially via GPR40- MEK-ERK pathway. J Biol Chem. 2015 Jan 30;290(5):2902–18. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.610733 Epub 2014 Dec 10. PMID: 25505251; PMCID: PMC4317025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyamoto J, Mizukure T, Park SB, et al. A gut microbial metabolite of linoleic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid, ameliorates intestinal epithelial barrier impairment partially via GPR40- MEK-ERK pathway. J Biol Chem. 2015 Jan 30;290(5):2902–18. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.610733 Epub 2014 Dec 10. PMID: 25505251; PMCID: PMC4317025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foligne B, Nutten S, Grangette C, et al. Correlation between in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory properties of lactic acid bacteria. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan 14;13(2):236–43. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i2.236 PMID: 17226902; PMCID: PMC4065951.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foligne B, Nutten S, Grangette C, et al. Correlation between in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory properties of lactic acid bacteria. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan 14;13(2):236–43. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i2.236 PMID: 17226902; PMCID: PMC4065951.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Floch MH. A hypothesis: is diverticulitis a type of inflammatory bowel disease? J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006 Aug;40 Suppl 3:S121–5. doi: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000225502.29498.ba PMID: 16885694.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Floch MH. A hypothesis: is diverticulitis a type of inflammatory bowel disease? J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006 Aug;40 Suppl 3:S121–5. doi: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000225502.29498.ba PMID: 16885694.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peran L, Camuesco D, Comalada M, et al. Preventative effects of a probiotic, Lactobacillus salivarius ssp. salivarius, in the TNBS model of rat colitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Sep 7;11(33):5185– 92. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i33.5185 PMID: 16127750; PMCID: PMC4320393.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peran L, Camuesco D, Comalada M, et al. Preventative effects of a probiotic, Lactobacillus salivarius ssp. salivarius, in the TNBS model of rat colitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Sep 7;11(33):5185– 92. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i33.5185 PMID: 16127750; PMCID: PMC4320393.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suez J, Zmora N, Zilberman-Schapira G, et al. Post-Antibiotic Gut Mucosal Microbiome Reconstitution Is Impaired by Probiotics and Improved by Autologous FMT. Cell. 2018 Sep 6;174(6):1406–1423. e16. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.047 PMID: 30193113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suez J, Zmora N, Zilberman-Schapira G, et al. Post-Antibiotic Gut Mucosal Microbiome Reconstitution Is Impaired by Probiotics and Improved by Autologous FMT. Cell. 2018 Sep 6;174(6):1406–1423. e16. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.047 PMID: 30193113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andrea Piccioni, Laura Franza, Mattia Brigida, et al. Gut Microbiota and Acute Diverticulitis: Role of Probiotics in Management of This Delicate Pathophysiological Balance J Pers Med. 2021, 11(4), 298</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andrea Piccioni, Laura Franza, Mattia Brigida, et al. Gut Microbiota and Acute Diverticulitis: Role of Probiotics in Management of This Delicate Pathophysiological Balance J Pers Med. 2021, 11(4), 298</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramezani Ahmadi A, Sadeghian M, Alipour M, et al. The Effects of Probiotic/Synbiotic on Serum Level of Zonulin as a Biomarker of Intestinal Permeability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Iran J Public Health. 2020 Jul;49(7):1222–1231. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v49i7.3575 PMID: 33083288; PMCID: PMC7548501.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramezani Ahmadi A, Sadeghian M, Alipour M, et al. The Effects of Probiotic/Synbiotic on Serum Level of Zonulin as a Biomarker of Intestinal Permeability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Iran J Public Health. 2020 Jul;49(7):1222–1231. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v49i7.3575 PMID: 33083288; PMCID: PMC7548501.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chabok A, Påhlman L, Hjern F, et al. AVOD Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of antibiotics in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Br J Surg. 2012 Apr;99(4):532–9. doi: 10.1002/bjs.8688 Epub 2012 Jan 30. PMID: 22290281.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chabok A, Påhlman L, Hjern F, et al. AVOD Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of antibiotics in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Br J Surg. 2012 Apr;99(4):532–9. doi: 10.1002/bjs.8688 Epub 2012 Jan 30. PMID: 22290281.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daniels L, Ünlü Ç, de Korte N, et al. Dutch Diverticular Disease (3D) Collaborative Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of observational versus antibiotic treatment for a first episode of CT-proven uncomplicated acute diverticulitis. Br J Surg. 2017 Jan;104(1):52– 61. doi: 10.1002/bjs.10309 Epub 2016 Sep 30. PMID: 27686365.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daniels L, Ünlü Ç, de Korte N, et al. Dutch Diverticular Disease (3D) Collaborative Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of observational versus antibiotic treatment for a first episode of CT-proven uncomplicated acute diverticulitis. Br J Surg. 2017 Jan;104(1):52– 61. doi: 10.1002/bjs.10309 Epub 2016 Sep 30. PMID: 27686365.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tandon A, Fretwell VL, Nunes QM, et al. Antibiotics versus no antibiotics in the treatment of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis — a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis. 2018 Jan 11. doi: 10.1111/codi.14013 Epub ahead of print. PMID: 29323778.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tandon A, Fretwell VL, Nunes QM, et al. Antibiotics versus no antibiotics in the treatment of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis — a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis. 2018 Jan 11. doi: 10.1111/codi.14013 Epub ahead of print. PMID: 29323778.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Dijk S.T, Daniels L, Ünlü Ç, et al. Dutch Diverticular Disease (3D) Collaborative Study Group. Long-Term Effects of Omitting Antibiotics in Uncomplicated Acute Diverticulitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018 Jul;113(7):1045–1052. doi: 10.1038/s41395-018-0030-y Epub 2018 May 11. PMID: 29700480.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Dijk S.T, Daniels L, Ünlü Ç, et al. Dutch Diverticular Disease (3D) Collaborative Study Group. Long-Term Effects of Omitting Antibiotics in Uncomplicated Acute Diverticulitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018 Jul;113(7):1045–1052. doi: 10.1038/s41395-018-0030-y Epub 2018 May 11. PMID: 29700480.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Emile S.H, Elfeki H, Sakr A, et al. Management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis without antibiotics: a systematic review, metaanalysis, and meta-regression of predictors of treatment failure. Tech Coloproctol. 2018 Jul;22(7):499–509. doi: 10.1007/s10151-018-1817-y Epub 2018 Jul 6. PMID: 29980885.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emile S.H, Elfeki H, Sakr A, et al. Management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis without antibiotics: a systematic review, metaanalysis, and meta-regression of predictors of treatment failure. Tech Coloproctol. 2018 Jul;22(7):499–509. doi: 10.1007/s10151-018-1817-y Epub 2018 Jul 6. PMID: 29980885.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sartelli M, Tascini C, Coccolini F, et al. Management of intraabdominal infections: recommendations by the Italian council for the optimization of antimicrobial use. World J Emerg Surg. 2024;19, 23. doi: 10.1186/s13017-024-00551-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sartelli M, Tascini C, Coccolini F, et al. Management of intraabdominal infections: recommendations by the Italian council for the optimization of antimicrobial use. World J Emerg Surg. 2024;19, 23. doi: 10.1186/s13017-024-00551-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lahner E, Bellisario C, Hassan C, et al. Probiotics in the Treatment of Diverticular Disease. A Systematic Review. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2016 Mar;25(1):79–86. doi: 10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.251.srw PMID: 27014757.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lahner E, Bellisario C, Hassan C, et al. Probiotics in the Treatment of Diverticular Disease. A Systematic Review. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2016 Mar;25(1):79–86. doi: 10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.251.srw PMID: 27014757.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chey WD, Shah ED, DuPont HL. Mechanism of action and therapeutic benefit of rifaximin in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A narrative review. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2020, 13. doi: 10.1177/1756284819897531</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chey WD, Shah ED, DuPont HL. Mechanism of action and therapeutic benefit of rifaximin in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A narrative review. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2020, 13. doi: 10.1177/1756284819897531</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pimentel M, Cash BD, Lembo A, et al. Repeat Rifaximin for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: No Clinically Significant Changes in Stool Microbial Antibiotic Sensitivity. Dig Dis Sci. 2017 Sep;62(9):2455– 2463. doi: 10.1007/s10620-017-4598-7 Epub 2017 Jun 6. Erratum in: Dig Dis Sci. 2017 Oct;62(10):2945. doi: 10.1007/s10620-017-4729-1 PMID: 28589238; PMCID: PMC5561162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pimentel M, Cash BD, Lembo A, et al. Repeat Rifaximin for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: No Clinically Significant Changes in Stool Microbial Antibiotic Sensitivity. Dig Dis Sci. 2017 Sep;62(9):2455– 2463. doi: 10.1007/s10620-017-4598-7 Epub 2017 Jun 6. Erratum in: Dig Dis Sci. 2017 Oct;62(10):2945. doi: 10.1007/s10620-017-4729-1 PMID: 28589238; PMCID: PMC5561162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mandalia A, Kraft CS, Dhere T. Diverticulitis after fecal microbiota transplant for C. difficile infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014 Dec;109(12):1956–7. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.350 PMID: 25470590; PMCID: PMC4795814.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mandalia A, Kraft CS, Dhere T. Diverticulitis after fecal microbiota transplant for C. difficile infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014 Dec;109(12):1956–7. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.350 PMID: 25470590; PMCID: PMC4795814.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клиническое испытание NCT05373784: «Результаты трансплантации фекальной микробиоты (ТФМ) при неосложненном дивертикулите: пилотное исследование» https://ichgcp.net/ru/clinical-trials-registry/NCT05373784</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical trial NCT05373784: “Outcomes of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in uncomplicated diverticulitis: a pilot study”. https://ichgcp.net/ru/clinicaltrials-registry/NCT05373784</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
