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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2024-23-4-74-85</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-1954</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияет ли доступ при хирургическом лечении рака прямой кишки у пожилых пациентовна послеоперационные осложнения и онкологическую безопасность?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Does a surgical access for rectal cancer in older patients affect postoperative morbidity and oncological safety?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3649-1027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Половинкин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polovinkin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Половинкин Вадим Владимирович — д.м.н., главный внештатный специалист-колопроктолог; заведующий колопроктологическим отделением</p><p>ул. 1 Мая, д. 167, г. Краснодар, 350086 </p><p>ул. Седина, д. 4, г. Краснодар, 350063 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim V. Polovinkin </p><p>1 Maya st., 167, Krasnodar, 350086 </p><p>Sedina st., 4, Krasnodar, 350063 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7346-4610</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширалиев</surname><given-names>Р. М.-А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shiraliev</surname><given-names>R. M.-A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ширалиев Руслан Магомет-Аминович — врач-онколог, онкологическое отделение (абдоминальной онкологии) №5</p><p>ул. Димитрова, д. 146, г. Краснодар, 350040 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ruslan M.-A. Shiraliev </p><p>Dimitrova st., 146, Krasnodar, 350040 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g-unit-09@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7280-2360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермаков</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermakov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермаков Евгений Алексеевич — к.м.н., заместитель главного врача по хирургической помощи</p><p>ул. Димитрова, д. 146, г. Краснодар, 350040 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny A. Ermakov </p><p>Dimitrova st., 146, Krasnodar, 350040 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-0834</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доронин</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Doronin</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доронин Николай Владимирович — врач-онколог, онкологическое отделение (абдоминальной онкологии) №5</p><p>ул. Димитрова, д. 146, г. Краснодар, 350040 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai V. Doronin </p><p>Dimitrova st., 146, Krasnodar, 350040 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6622-6184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бальян</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balyan</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бальян Арман Станиславович — к.м.н., врач-онколог, заведующий отделением абдоминальной онкологии №2</p><p>ул. 1 Мая, д. 167, г. Краснодар, 350086 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arman S. Balyan </p><p>1 Maya st., 167, Krasnodar, 350086 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-3649</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халафян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalafyan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Халафян Алексан Альбертович — д.т.н., доцент кафедры анализа данных и искусственного интеллекта ФПМ</p><p>ул. Ставропольская, д. 149, г. Краснодар, 350040 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexan A. Khalafyan </p><p>Stavropolskaya st., 149, Krasnodar, 350040 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0609-9449</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кармасева</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karmaseva</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кармасева Валерия Сергеевна — студентка 5-го курса, лечебный факультет</p><p>ул. Седина, д. 4, г. Краснодар, 350063 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria S. Karmaseva </p><p>Sedina st., 4, Krasnodar, 350063 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт — Краевая клиническая больница №1 им. проф. С.В. Очаповского» Минздрава Краснодарского края ; ФГБОУ ВО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Institute Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 ; Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Клинический онкологический диспансер №1» Минздрава Краснодарского края</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Oncology Dispensary No. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт — Краевая клиническая больница №1 им. проф. С.В. Очаповского» Минздрава Краснодарского края</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Institute Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кубанский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Половинкин В.В., Ширалиев Р.М., Ермаков Е.А., Доронин Н.В., Бальян А.С., Халафян А.А., Кармасева В.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Половинкин В.В., Ширалиев Р.М., Ермаков Е.А., Доронин Н.В., Бальян А.С., Халафян А.А., Кармасева В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polovinkin V.V., Shiraliev R.M., Ermakov E.A., Doronin N.V., Balyan A.S., Khalafyan A.A., Karmaseva V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1954">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1954</self-uri><abstract><p>У пожилых пациентов радикальная операция по поводу рака прямой кишки выполняется реже, чем у молодых, оптимальный объем остается спорным вопросом.</p><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: оценить влияние доступа на послеоперационные осложнения и онкологическую безопасность у пожилых пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в многоцентровое ретроспективное исследование были включены 179 пожилых пациентов (60–74 лет), оперированных в 2021–2023 гг. по поводу средне- и нижнеампулярного рака прямой кишки Т1-3N0-N2bM0. Пациенты по доступу были распределены в три группы: роботические (РОБ) — n = 62, лапароскопические (ЛАП) — n = 55, открытые операции (ОТКР) — n = 62. Сравнивали показатели предоперационного, интраоперационного, послеоперационного периодов, результаты патогистологического исследования. Для прогнозирования несостоятельности анастомоза (НА) использовали нейросетевое моделирование.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: медиана кровопотери составила 150 (100; 200) мл при ОТКР против 100 (50; 100) при РОБ и ЛАП, медиана времени операции 255 (210; 300) мин. — при РОБ против 180 (150; 240) мин. — при ЛАП и 140 (120; 150) мин. — при ОТКР. При РОБ и ЛАП анастомоз формировался в 61 (98,4%) и 54 (98,2%) случаях против 45 (72,6%) при ОТКР (р = 0,00001). Во время ЛАП селезеночный изгиб мобилизовали в 54 (98,2%), ОТКР — в 55 (88,7%), РОБ — в 50 (80,7%) (р = 0,01) случаях. Частота конверсии при ЛАП — 10,9%(6/55), РОБ — 1,6%(1/62) (р = 0,00001). Послеоперационные осложнения при ОТКР — 48 (77,4%) против 31 (50%) при РОБ и 12 (21,8%) — ЛАП (р = 0,02). Гнойно-септические осложнения преобладали при ОТКР. Дистальный и циркулярный клиренс, качество мезоректумэктомии, количество исследованных и пораженных лимфоузлов не различались. Однако хорошее качество мезоректумэктомии преобладало при РОБ и ОТКР. Препаратов удовлетворительного качества было больше при ЛАП. Наиболее важными предикторами НА явились: II степень по ASA, неоадъювантная химиолучевая терапия, I и IIa стадии заболевания, анастомоз «конец-в-конец», индекс коморбидности по Charlson 3–4 балла, опыт хирурга 20–40 операций в год по поводу рака прямой кишки. Наименее важные предикторы — уровень перевязки брыжеечных сосудов и доступ.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ: способ доступа не оказывает влияния на частоту НА. По результатам патогистологического исследования все три доступа обеспечивают соблюдение онкологических принципов оперирования. РОБ и ЛАП в сравнении с ОТКР сопровождаются меньшей кровопотерей, более быстрым восстановлением функции кишечника, но увеличивают продолжительность операции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: to evaluate the effect of a surgical access on postoperative morbidity and oncological safety in older patients.</p></sec><sec><title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title><p>PATIENTS AND METHODS: a multicenter retrospective study included 179 patients aged 60–74 years who underwent surgery for middle and low rectal cancer (T1-3N0-N2bM0) in 2021-2023. The patients were divided into 3 groups: the first ones underwent robotic (ROB) surgery (n = 62), the second — laparoscopic (LAP) surgery (n = 55), and the third — open (OPEN) surgery (n = 62). Parameters of pre-, intra-, and postoperative periods and histopathological findings were evaluated. Neural network modeling was used to predict anastomotic leakage (AL).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: the blood loss was 150 (100; 200) ml with OPEN versus 100 (50; 100) with ROB and LAP, the operation time was 255 (210; 300) min with ROB versus 180 (150; 240) min with LAP and 140 (120; 150) min with OPEN. In ROB and LAP groups, anastomoses were formed in 61 (98.4%) and 54 (98.2%) cases compared with 45 (72.6%) cases in the OPEN group (p = 0.00001). The splenic flexure was mobilized in 54 (98.2%) cases in the LAP group, 55 (88.7%) cases in the OPEN group, and 50 (80.7%) cases in the ROB group (p = 0.01). Conversion rates were 10.9% (6/55) and 1.6% (1/62) in LAP and ROB groups, respectively (p = 0.00001). Postoperative complications in the OPEN group occurred in 48 (77.4%) cases compared with 31 (50%) and 12 (21.8%) in ROB and LAP groups (p = 0.02). Inflammatory complications predominated in the OPEN group. Distal and lateral margins, the quality of mesorectal excision, and the number of examined and affected lymph nodes did not differ. However, the good quality of mesorectal excision prevailed in ROB and OPEN groups, where as the satisfactory quality was more common in the LAP group. The most important predictors of AL were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, stage I and IIa cancer, end-to-end anastomosis, Charlson Comorbidity Index scores of 3–4, and surgeon’s experience (20–40 operations for rectal cancer per year). The least important predictors were the level of mesenteric vessel ligation and the access.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS: the surgical access does not affect the AL rate. The histology revealed that all the 3 approaches ensure compliance with principles of oncological safety. Compared with open surgery, robotic and laparoscopic surgery result in less blood loss and faster recovery of intestinal function; however, the operation time increases.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пожилые пациенты</kwd><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>робот-ассистированная хирургия</kwd><kwd>лапароскопическая хирургия</kwd><kwd>послеоперационные осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>older patients</kwd><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>robot-assisted surgery</kwd><kwd>laparoscopic surgery</kwd><kwd>postoperative complications</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang CK, Shih CH, Kao YS. Elderly Rectal Cancer: An Updated Review. Curr Oncol Rep. 2024;26(2):181–90. doi: 10.1007/s11912-024-01495-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang CK, Shih CH, Kao YS. Elderly Rectal Cancer: An Updated Review. 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