gnckКолопроктологияKoloproktologia2073-75562686-7303Russian Association of Coloproctology10.33878/2073-7556-2024-23-3-126-135gnck-1953Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWОксалурия при воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника (обзор литературы)Oxaluria in inflammatory bowel diseases (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1246-7233СимановР. Н.SimanovR. N.

Руслан Николаевич Симанов, аспирант, врач-уролог

Медицинский институт; кафедра госпитальной терапии; урологическое отделение

185910; пр. Ленина, д. 33; 185019; ул. Пирогова, д. 3; Республика Карелия; Петрозаводск

AuthorID: 1133010

Ruslan N. Simanov

185910; Lenina prospekt, 33; 185019; Pirogova st., 3; Petrozavodsk

AuthorID: 1133010

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2133-4849БарышеваО. Ю.BaryshevaO. Y.

Ольга Юрьевна Барышева, д. м. н., профессор, заведующая отделением

Медицинский институт; кафедра госпитальной терапии; гастроэнтерологическое, нефрологическое отделение

185910; пр. Ленина, д. 33; 185019; ул. Пирогова, д. 3; Республика Карелия; Петрозаводск

тел.: +7 (911) 412-37-29

AuthorID: 128616

Olga Y. Barysheva

185910; Lenina prospekt, 33; 185019; Pirogova st., 3; Petrozavodsk

tel.: +7 (911) 412-37-29

AuthorID: 128616

hosptherapy@mail.ruФГБОУ ВО «Петрозаводский государственный университет»; ГБУЗ РК «Республиканская больница имени В.А. Баранова»РоссияPetrozavodsk State University; V.A. Baranov Republican HospitalRussian Federation202421092024233126135Copyright © Симанов Р.Н., Барышева О.Ю., 20242024Симанов Р.Н., Барышева О.Ю.Simanov R.N., Barysheva O.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1953   ЦЕЛЬ РАБОТЫ

   ЦЕЛЬ РАБОТЫ: провести анализ и синтез отечественной и зарубежной литературы, ознакомиться с понятием оксалурия, ее видами, транспортными механизмами переноса оксалатов в кишечнике и взаимосвязью гипероксалурии с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника для выявления возможных вариантов терапевтического воздействия на механизмы развития данных патологий.

   МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ

   МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: обзор литературы основан на данных системы интернет, включающих в себя библиографические справочники, книги, журналы и оригинальные статьи. Использованные для написания статьи источники литературы максимально полно отражают всю суть описываемой проблемы и могут быть полезны как практикующим врачам, так и студентам медицинских ВУЗов.

   РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

   РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: желудочно-кишечный тракт (далее — ЖКТ) за счет эпителиального транспорта оксалатов играет исключительную роль в гомеостазе оксалатов и гипероксалурии. Метаболизм пищевого оксалата и образование эндогенного оксалата, его секреция, всасывание, транспорт и биодеградация кишечной микрофлорой могут влиять на выведение этого соединения почками. Знание взаимосвязанных отношений оси «кишечник-почки», механизмов транспорта, переноса и биодеградации оксалатов, особенно при воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника (далее — ВЗК), имеет огромное значение для понимания патофизиологии гипероксалурии как фактора риска образования мочевых камней с точкой фармакологического воздействия в кишечнике. В настоящем литературном обзоре представлены понятие и формы оксалурии, показана классификация оксалурии, дано описание каждой из форм, а также широко разъяснены метаболизм и механизмы транспорта оксалатов в организме человека. Особое внимание уделено кишечной гипероксалурии и анионообменникам, принадлежащим к большому многофункциональному семейству генов SLC26, большинство из которых экспрессируются по всему ЖКТ. Авторами подчеркивается их современная роль в транспорте оксалатов в кишечнике, а также методы возможного медикаментозного воздействия на механизмы гипероксалурии.

   ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

   ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: необходим мультидисциплинарный подход к решению проблем кишечной гипероксалурии и, соответственно, лечению мочекаменной болезни (далее — МКБ). Роль вновь выявленных кишечных и почечных анионообменников изучена не до конца, следовательно, не до конца изучены цели и механизмы воздействия на данные виды обменников с возможностью предупреждения развития МКБ. Необходимо проводить дальнейшие рандомизированные исследования по изучаемой проблеме.

   AIM

   AIM: to analyse and synthesize Russian and foreign literature, to get acquainted with the concept of oxaluria, its types, transport mechanisms of oxalate transport in the intestine and the relationship between hyperoxaluria and inflammatory bowel diseases in order to identify possible options for therapeutic action on the mechanisms of development of these pathologies.

   MATERIALS AND METHODS

   MATERIALS AND METHODS: the literature review was based on the Internet data, including bibliographic directories, books, journals, and original articles. The literature sources used for the article reflect the essence of the described problem to the fullest extent possible and can be useful for both practicing physicians and students of medical universities.

   RESULTS

   RESULTS: the gastrointestinal tract through epithelial transport of oxalate plays an exclusive role in oxalate homeostasis and hyperoxaluria. Metabolism of dietary oxalate and the formation of endogenous oxalate, its secretion, absorption, transport and biodegradation by intestinal microflora may influence the excretion of this compound by the kidneys. Knowledge of the interrelated relationships of the gut-kidney axis, mechanisms of transport, transport and biodegradation of oxalate, especially in inflammatory bowel disease, is of great importance for understanding the pathophysiology of hyperoxaluria as a risk factor for urinary stone formation with a point of pharmacological action in the gut. This literature review introduces the concept and forms of oxaluria, shows the classification of oxaluria, describes each form, and broadly explains the metabolism and mechanisms of oxalate transport in the human body. Special attention is given to intestinal hyperoxaluria and anion exchangers belonging to the large multifunctional SLC26 gene family, most of which are expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The authors emphasise their current role in intestinal oxalate transport, as well as methods of possible drug action on the mechanisms of hyperoxaluria.

   CONCLUSION

   CONCLUSION: a multidisciplinary approach is needed to address the problems of intestinal hyperoxaluria and, consequently, the treatment of urolithiasis. The role of newly identified intestinal and renal anion exchangers is not fully understood, hence the targets and mechanisms of action on these types of exchangers with the possibility of preventing the development of urolithiasis are not fully understood. Further randomised studies on the problem under investigation are needed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.