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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2024-23-1-10-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-1891</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬЯ НОМЕРА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LEADING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность тотальной неоадъювантной терапии в лечении рака прямой кишки. Результаты рандомизированного исследования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effectiveness of the total neo-adjuvant therapy in rectal cancer treatment. Results of the randomized trial</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-792X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д.2, г.Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polikarpova-e@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-9067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбаков</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybakov</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5655-6567</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>M V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва, 123423</p><p>ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, г. Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423</p><p>Barrikadnaya st., 2/1-1, Moscow, 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6212-9454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернышов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyshov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономаренко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryzhikh National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryzhikh National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сычев С.И., Рыбаков Е.Г., Алексеев М.В., Чернышов С.В., Пономаренко А.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сычев С.И., Рыбаков Е.Г., Алексеев М.В., Чернышов С.В., Пономаренко А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sychev S.I., Rybakov E.G., Alekseev M.V., Chernyshov S.V., Ponomarenko A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1891">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1891</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: предварительный анализ эффективности тотальной неоадъювантной терапии в лечении больных раком прямой кишки.</p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: после подписания добровольного информированного согласия пациенты с гистологически подтвержденной аденокарциномой прямой кишки рандомизировались в две группы: в группе ТНТ после неоадъювантной ХЛТ СОД 50–54 Гр с капецитабином проводили 3 курса консолидирующей химиотерапии по схеме xelox, в группе ХЛТ проводили неоадъювантную ХЛТ СОД 50–54 Гр с капецитабином. По окончании лечения проводили контрольное обследование с оценкой регресса опухоли по данным МРТ с применением шкалы mrTRG. Больным с полным клиническим ответом, которые отказались от хирургического лечения, было предложено динамическое наблюдение в рамках стратегии «наблюдения и выжидания». У оперированных больных эффект от неоадъювантной терапии оценивали по результатам патоморфологического исследования с применением шкалы Ryan. Первичная точка исследования: частота полных ответов опухоли (клинических и патоморфологических). Вторичные точки исследования: частота и структура интра- и послеоперационных осложнений, частота осложнений 3–4 степени лучевой терапии и химиотерапии, частота R0-резекций. Исследование зарегистрировано на портале ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04747951).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: за период с октября 2020 — по октябрь 2023 гг. в рандомизированное исследование было включено 183 пациента: 91 — в группе ТНТ и 92 — в группе ХЛТ. В анализ включено 60 пациентов в группе ТНТ и 71 пациент — в группе ХЛТ. При медиане (Q1,Q3) времени наблюдения 24 (14; 28) месяцев полный клинический ответ сохраняется у 23% (14/60) пациентов в группе ТНТ и у 7% (5/71) пациентов — в груп- пе ХЛТ (р = 0,008). У оперированных больных частота полного патоморфологического ответа составила 20% (9/45) — в группе ТНТ и 8% (5/66) — в группе ХЛТ (р = 0,05). По частоте развития токсических реакций 3–4 степени, частоте и структуре интра- и послеоперационных осложнений, а также частоте R0-резекций группы статистически значимо не различались.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: предварительные результаты рандомизированного исследования продемонстрировали эффективность и безопасность тотальной неоадъювантной терапии в лечении больных раком прямой кишки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To ASSESS effectiveness of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for patients with rectal carcinoma.</p><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods: patients with histologically proven rectal carcinoma were randomly assigned in two groups: in the TNT group after the neoadjuvant CRT 50-54 Gy with capecitabine 3 consolidation courses of XELOX were done, in the CTR group - conventional neoadjuvant CRT 50-54 Gy with capecitabine. At the end of the treatment, effect was assessed by MRI using the mrTRG scale. For patients with a full clinical response, who have refused surgery, «watch&amp;wait» approach was used. For other patients effect of neoadjuvant therapy was evaluated by pathomorphological study using the Ryan scale. The primary endpoint of study was the complete response rate (clinical and pathomorphological). Secondary endpoints of study: frequency and structure of intraoperative and postoperative complications, the rate of grade 3–4 toxicity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, R0-resection rates. The study was registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04747951)</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: between October 2020 and October 2023, 183 patients were enrolled in the randomized study: 91 patients in the TNT group and 92 patients in the CRT group. At median (Q1, Q3) follow-up period 24 (14; 28) months, complete clinical response observed in 23% (14/60) of TNT patients and in 7% (5/71) of THL patients (p=0.008). The pCR rate was 20% (9/45) in the TNT group and 8% (5/66) in the CRT group (p=0.05). The frequency of development of toxic reactions of degree 3-4, the frequency and structure of intra- and postoperative complications, as well as the frequency of R0 resection of the group did not differ statistically significantly. The total rate of Grade 3–4 toxicity, rate of intra- and postoperative complications, R0-resections rate did not differ between two groups.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: preliminary results of a randomized study demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of total neo-adjuvant therapy in rectal cancer treatment.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>неоадъювантная терапия</kwd><kwd>тотальная неоадъювантная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rectal carcinoma</kwd><kwd>neoadjuvant therapy</kwd><kwd>total neoadjuvant therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации. Рак прямой кишки. 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