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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2024-23-1-82-90</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-1876</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трансанальные эндомикрохирургические вмешательства при раке прямой кишки после лучевой или химиолучевой терапии — нюансы и результаты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transanal endoscopic microsurgery after radiation or chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer — peculiarities and results</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-2958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Невольских</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nevolskikh</surname><given-names>A А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Невольских Алексей Алексеевич — доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по лечебной работе </p><p>ул. Маршала Жукова, д. 10, Калужская область, г. Обнинск, 249031</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marshal Zhukov st., 10, Kaluga region, Obninsk, 249031</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4709-1726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бродский</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brodskiy</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бродский Александр Рутеньевич — кандидат медицинских наук, врач-хирург отделения лучевого и хирургического лечения заболеваний абдоминальной области </p><p>ул. Маршала Жукова, д. 10, Калужская область, г. Обнинск, 249031</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marshal Zhukov st., 10, Kaluga region, Obninsk, 249031</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2678-016X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеенко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеенко Виолетта Андреевна — клинический ординатор</p><p>ул. Маршала Жукова, д. 10, Калужская область, г. Обнинск, 249031</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marshal Zhukov st., 10, Kaluga region, Obninsk, 249031</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avdeenko.vita@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9243-6519</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Почуев</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pochuev</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Почуев Тарас Петрович — кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения лучевого и хирургического лечения заболеваний абдоминальной области</p><p>ул. Маршала Жукова, д. 10, Калужская область, г. Обнинск, 249031</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marshal Zhukov st., 10, Kaluga region, Obninsk, 249031</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9449-2135</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалева</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mihaleva</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михалёва Юлия Юрьевна — врач-онколог отделения лучевого и хирургического лечения заболеваний абдоминальной области</p><p>ул. Маршала Жукова, д. 10, Калужская область, г. Обнинск, 249031</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marshal Zhukov st., 10, Kaluga region, Obninsk, 249031</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3549-4499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березовская</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezovskaya</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Березовская Татьяна Павловна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник отделения лучевой диагностики </p><p>ул. Маршала Жукова, д. 10, Калужская область, г. Обнинск, 249031</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marshal Zhukov st., 10, Kaluga region, Obninsk, 249031</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5252-0436</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зибиров</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zibirov</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зибиров Руслан Фяритович — врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отделения</p><p>ул. Маршала Жукова, д. 10, Калужская область, г. Обнинск, 249031</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marshal Zhukov st., 10, Kaluga region, Obninsk, 249031</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4524-0839</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мялина</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myalina</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мялина София Анатольевна — младший научный сотрудник, врач-рентгенолог отделения лучевой диагностики</p><p>ул. Маршала Жукова, д. 10, Калужская область, г. Обнинск, 249031</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marshal Zhukov st., 10, Kaluga region, Obninsk, 249031</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орехов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orehov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орехов Иван Анатольевич — врач-онколог отделения лучевого и хирургического лечения заболеваний абдоминальной области</p><p>ул. Маршала Жукова, д. 10, Калужская область, г. Обнинск, 249031</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marshal Zhukov st., 10, Kaluga region, Obninsk, 249031</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>Л. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>L. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петров Леонид Олегович — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением лучевого и хирургического лечения заболеваний абдоминальной области </p><p>ул. Маршала Жукова, д. 10, Калужская область, г. Обнинск, 249031</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marshal Zhukov st., 10, Kaluga region, Obninsk, 249031</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7689-6032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванов Сергей Анатольевич — доктор медицинских наук, член-корреспондент РАН, директор; профессор кафедры онкологии и рентгенорадиологии имени В.П. Харченко медицинского института </p><p>ул. Маршала Жукова, д. 10, Калужская область, г. Обнинск, 249031</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, г. Москва, 117198</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marshal Zhukov st., 10, Kaluga region, Obninsk, 249031</p><p>Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, Moscow, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каприн</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaprin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каприн Андрей Дмитриевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, академик РАО, член Президиума РАН, член Президиума РАО Заслуженный врач России, генеральный директор; заведующийкафедрой онкологии и рентгенорадиологии имениВ.П. Харченко медицинского института </p><p>ул. Королева, д. 4, Калужская область, г. Обнинск, 249031</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, г. Москва, 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koroleva st., 4, Kaluga region, Obninsk, 249031</p><p>Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, Moscow, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А.Ф. Цыба — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А.Ф. Цыба — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>90</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Невольских А.А., Бродский А.Р., Авдеенко В.А., Почуев Т.П., Михалева Ю.Ю., Березовская Т.П., Зибиров Р.Ф., Мялина С.А., Орехов И.А., Петров Л.О., Иванов С.А., Каприн А.Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Невольских А.А., Бродский А.Р., Авдеенко В.А., Почуев Т.П., Михалева Ю.Ю., Березовская Т.П., Зибиров Р.Ф., Мялина С.А., Орехов И.А., Петров Л.О., Иванов С.А., Каприн А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nevolskikh A.А., Brodskiy A.R., Avdeenko V.A., Pochuev T.P., Mihaleva Y.Y., Berezovskaya T.P., Zibirov R.F., Myalina S.A., Orehov I.A., Petrov L.O., Ivanov S.A., Kaprin A.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1876">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1876</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ: стандартом лечения больных местнораспространенными формами рака прямой кишки (РПК) является применение химиолучевой терапии (ХЛТ), либо интенсивных режимов лучевой терапии (ЛТ) с отсроченным хирургическим вмешательством. При этом в 10–25% случаев у пациентов на фоне лечения отмечается полное исчезновение опухоли. Современные подходы к ведению случаев с хорошим ответом предполагают органосохраняющее лечение у пациентов с полным клиническим ответом (cCR), под которым подразумевается динамическое наблюдение за пациентом, либо выполнение локального иссечения зоны рубца на месте ранее существовавшей опухоли в случаях почти полного клинического ответа (nCR). ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: анализ результатов лечения больных РПК с хорошим ответом на ЛТ/ХЛТ, которым были выполнены трансанальные эндомикрохирургические вмешательства (ТЭМ).</p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в период с 2019 по 2023 гг. хирургические вмешательства в объеме ТЭМ после ЛТ/ХЛТ были выполнены 20 больным с аденокарциномой прямой кишки. У всех пациентов опухоли располагались в дистальных отделах прямой кишки, что предполагало выполнение либо брюшно-промежностной экстирпации, либо очень низкой передней резекции прямой кишки. Медиана интервала между ЛТ и операцией составила 22 (12–78) недели. У 5 (25,0%) больных, включенных в исследование, был зарегистрирован cCR на проведенное неоадъювантное лечение. В 15 случаях ТЭМ был выполнен пациентам с nCR.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: медиана продолжительности хирургического вмешательства составила 117 минут, объема кровопотери — 40 мл. Осложненное течение послеоперационного периода наблюдалось у 4 (20,0%) больных, среди которых наиболее серьезным осложнением являлась несостоятельность швов ушитого дефекта кишки — у 3 (15,0%) пациентов. Неблагоприятные факторы прогноза были выявлены у 7 (35%) пациентов, при этом завершающая ТМЭ была выполнена только у 2 (28,6%) из них. В остальных клинических ситуациях проводилось активное динамическое наблюдение за больными — ни в одном случае местного рецидива опухоли выявлено не было. При медиане наблюдения 31,5 (3–54) месяцев признаки отдаленного метастазирования были зарегистрированы в 2 (10,0%) случаях. Местный рецидив на сроке 12,3 месяцев был выявлен в одном случае (5,0%). Кумулятивная трехлетняя частота местных рецидивов составила 6,2 ± 6,1%. Общая и безрецидивная трехлетняя выживаемость составили, соответственно, 83,3 ± 10,8%</p><p>и 80,4 ± 10,4%, а выживаемость без стомы — 92,9 ± 6,9%.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: несмотря на то, что ТЭМ у больных РПК после ЛТ — эффективный и безопасный метод лечения, применение его у пациентов с cCR с целью подтверждения полного ответа нецелесообразно и несет в себе лишний риск послеоперационных осложнений, возможных функциональных нарушений. Основным показанием к применению ТЭМ после ЛТ/ХЛТ является nCR, в случае которого локальное иссечение зоны рубца позволяет не только определить их патоморфологическую природу и тактику лечения, но и для большинства пациентов является радикальным хирургическим вмешательством с относительно невысоким риском местного рецидива.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION: the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer is the use of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or intensive radiation therapy (RT) regimens with delayed surgery. Moreover, in 10–25% of cases, patients experience complete disappearance of the tumor during treatment. Current approaches to the management of cases with a good response involve organ-sparing treatment in patients with a complete clinical response (cCR), which means dynamic observation of the patient, or local excision of the scar at the site of a pre-existing tumor in cases of a near complete clinical response (nCR).</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: to analyze the results of treatment of patients with rectal cancer who had a good response to RT/CRT and who underwent transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM).</p></sec><sec><title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title><p>PATIENTS AND METHODS: from 2019 to 2023, 20 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma underwent TEM after RT/CRT. In all patients, the tumors were located in the distal rectum, which required either abdominoperineal resection or ultra low anterior rectal resection. The median interval between RT and surgery was 22 (12–78) weeks. In 5 (25.0%) patients included in the study, a cCR was registered for neoadjuvant treatment. In 15 cases, TEM was performed in patients with nCR. RESULTS: operation time was 117 minutes, the blood loss was 40 ml. A complicated postoperative period was observed in 4 (20.0%) patients, among whom the most serious complication was suture failure of the sutured intestinal defect — in 3 (15.0%) patients. Unfavorable prognosis factors were identified in 7 (35%) patients, while final TEM was performed in only 2 (28.6%) of them. In other clinical situations, active follow-up of patients was performed — local tumor recurrence was not detected in any case. With a median follow-up of 31.5 (3-54) months, signs of distant metastases were recorded in 2 (10.0%) cases. Local relapse at 12.3 months was detected in one case (5.0%). The cumulative three-year local recurrence rate was 6.2 ± 6.1%. Overall and disease-free three-year survival rates were 83.3 ± 10.8% and 80.4 ± 10.4%, respectively, and stoma-free survival was 92.9 ± 6.9%.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: despite the fact that TEM in patients with rectal cancer after RT is an effective and safe method of treatment, its use in patients with cCR to confirm a complete response is inappropriate and carries an unnecessary risk of postoperative complications and possible functional dysfunction. The main indication for the use of TEM after RT/CRT is nCR, when local excision of the scar at the site of a pre-existing tumor allows not only to determine their pathological nature and treatment approach, but also for most patients it is a radical surgical intervention with a relatively low risk of local relapse.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>трансанальная эндоскопическая микрохирургия</kwd><kwd>химиолучевая терапия</kwd><kwd>лучевая терапия</kwd><kwd>полный клинический ответ</kwd><kwd>почти полный клинический ответ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>transanal endoscopic microsurgery</kwd><kwd>chemoradiotherapy</kwd><kwd>radiation therapy</kwd><kwd>complete clinical response</kwd><kwd>nearly complete clinical response</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каприн А.Д., Старинский В.В., Шахзадова А.О. 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