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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2024-23-1-117-128</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-1857</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диагностика и лечение сложных форм острого парапроктита у пациентов с опухолевыми заболеваниями системы крови</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnostics and treatment of complicated perianal abscess in patients with hematologic malignancies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-8433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штыркова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shtyrkova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Штыркова Светлана Витальевна — к.м.н., врач-колопроктолог хирургического отделения</p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д. 4, г. Москва, 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novy Zykovsky proezd, 4, Moscow, 125167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sv-styrkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9879-2664</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соболева</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soboleva</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соболева Ольга Алексеевна — врач-хирург хирургического отделения</p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д. 4, г. Москва, 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novy Zykovsky proezd, 4, Moscow, 125167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">soboleva31@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3677-0480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сабиров</surname><given-names>К. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sabirov</surname><given-names>K. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сабиров Кирилл Рустемович — врач-хирург хирургического отделения</p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д. 4, г. Москва, 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novy Zykovsky proezd, 4, Moscow, 125167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sabkirill@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-6724</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новиков Вячеслав Александрович — к.м.н., заведующий научно-клиническим отделением анестезиологии, реаниматологии и интенсивной терапии </p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д. 4, г. Москва, 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novy Zykovsky proezd, 4, Moscow, 125167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">slashhd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данишян</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ntanishyan</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данишян Карен Исмаилович — доктор медицинских наук, заведующий хирургическим отделением </p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д. 4, г. Москва, 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novy Zykovsky proezd, 4, Moscow, 125167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danishyan.k@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паровичникова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parovichnikova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Паровичникова Елена Николаевна — доктор медицинских наук, генеральный директор</p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д. 4, г. Москва, 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novy Zykovsky proezd, 4, Moscow, 125167</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НMИЦ гематологии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Hematology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>128</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Штыркова С.В., Соболева О.А., Сабиров К.Р., Новиков В.А., Данишян К.И., Паровичникова Е.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Штыркова С.В., Соболева О.А., Сабиров К.Р., Новиков В.А., Данишян К.И., Паровичникова Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shtyrkova S.V., Soboleva O.A., Sabirov K.R., Novikov V.A., Ntanishyan K.I., Parovichnikova E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1857">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1857</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: разработать алгоритм диагностики и тактику лечения сложных форм парапроктита (СФП) у онкогематологических больных</p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в когортное исследование, выполненное с января 2021 по декабрь 2022 гг., были включены 78 пациентов с гемобластозамии инфекционным поражением мягких тканей перианальной области. СФП выделяли при наличии супралеваторного абсцесса, флегмоны таза, разрушения стенки прямой кишки выше уровня зубчатой линии, поражения тазовых органов. Оценивали соответствие клинических и лабораторных данных и результатов МРТ, а также результаты оперативного дренирования, антибактериальной терапии, вакуум-терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: СФП были выявлены у 7 (8,97%) из 78 пациентов с перианальной инфекцией. При диагностике СФП у всех пациентов была выявлена нейтропения (нейтрофилы ≤ 500 × 109/л); у двух пациентов отмечено отсутствие лихорадки. Данные клинического осмотра были скорректированы после результатов МРТ в 6 (85,7%) из 7 случаев. Формирование пельвиоректальных абсцессов было отмечено у 5 пациентов, у 2 — поражение пельвиоректальной клетчатки было представлено флегмоной. Кроме того, у 2 пациентов выявлена перфорация прямой кишки выше зубчатой линии, у 1 — ректовагинальный свищ. В связи с сепсисом 4 (57,14%) пациента находились в отделении реанимации, срок наблюдения в отделении реанимации составил, в среднем, 32,5 (17–54) дня. Дренирование абсцессов выполнено всем пациентам, в 3 случаях — сигмостомия. Фаза репарации ран была достигнута у всех пациентов. Сроки репарации составили от 37 до 142 дней, в среднем, 79 суток. Вакуум-терапия проводилась двум пациентам. При использовании вакуум-терапии средний срок репарации ран составил 53,5 дня. В послеоперационном периоде во всех случаях отмечалась фебрильная лихорадка с периодами нормотермии в течение 1 месяца. Умерли двое пациентов в сроки 50 и 215 дней после операции от причин, не связанных с парапроктитом.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: МРТ органов малого таза — метод диагностики, необходимый для определения объема поражения при СФП у онкогематологических пациентов. Развитие СФП у пациентов с нейтропенией ассоциировано с высокой частотой сепсиса. Во всех случаях выявления СФП следует активно проводить диагностику, направленную на выделение возбудителя как в локусе воспаления, так и в гемокультуре. Лечение пациентов со СФП и клинико-лабораторной картиной сепсиса должно проводится в отделении реанимации в связи с угрозой развития септического шока. Основными методами контроля инфекции являются дренирование абсцессов и антибактериальная терапия, которая должна быть начата до операции и продолжена в послеоперационном периоде до нормотермии и регресса местных признаков воспаления. Вакуум-терапия является безопасным и эффективным методом в комплексном лечении обширных послеоперационных ран у пациентов с нейтропенией.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: to work out an algorithm for diagnosis and tactics of treatment of complicated perianal abscess (CPA) in oncohematology.</p></sec><sec><title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title><p>PATIENTS AND METHODS: the cohort study (January 2021 — December 2022) included 78 patients with hematologic malignancies and infectious lesions of the perianal soft tissues. Complex perianal infection (CPI) was distinguished in the presence of supralevator abscess, pelvic phlegmon, destruction of the rectal wall above the level of the dentate line, and pelvic organs involvement. The correspondence of clinical, laboratory data and MRI results, as well as the results of surgical drainage, antibacterial therapy, and vacuum therapy were assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: CPI was detected in 7 (8.97%) patients with perianal infection. The neutropenia was detected in all patients (neutrophils &lt; 500 × 109/l); no fever occurred in two patients. Clinical data were adjusted after MRI results in 6 (85.7%) cases. Pelviorectal abscesses were noted in 5 patients, in 2 — pelvic phlegmon was detected. In addition, 2 patients revealed perforation of the rectum above the dentate line, 1 — rectovaginal fistula. Due to sepsis, 4 (57.14%) patients were in the intensive care unit, the period in the intensive care unit was 32.5 (17–54) days. Abscess drainage was performed in all patients, in 3 cases — diverting sigmostomy. The wound repair phase was achieved in all patients. The time of reparation was 79 (37–142) days. Vacuum therapy was used in 2 cases with wound repair time of 53.5 days. Postoperatively, febrile fever with periods of normothermia for 1 month was revealed in all cases. Two patients died within 50 and 215 days from causes unrelated to perianal abscess.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: pelvic MRI is a preferable diagnostic test to determine the volume of lesion in CPI in patients with hematological malignancies. CPI in patients with neutropenia is associated with a high incidence of sepsis. The main methods of infection control are abscess drainage and antibacterial therapy, which should be started before surgery and continued in the postoperative period until normothermia and regression of local signs of inflammation. Vacuum therapy is a safe and effective method in treatment of big postoperative wounds in patients with neutropenia.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый парапроктит</kwd><kwd>перианальная инфекция</kwd><kwd>абсцесс</kwd><kwd>лейкоз</kwd><kwd>нейтропения</kwd><kwd>гемобластоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>perianal abscess</kwd><kwd>perianal infection</kwd><kwd>abscess</kwd><kwd>leukemia</kwd><kwd>neutropenia</kwd><kwd>hemoblastosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harsh G., Jose G. Guillem, Stuart H.Q. et al. Anorectal Disease in Neutropenic Leukemic Patients. Operative v s . Nonoperative Management. Dis Colon Rectum 1994; 37:1095–1099</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harsh G., Jose G. Guillem, Stuart H.Q. et al. Anorectal Disease in Neutropenic Leukemic Patients. Operative v s . 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