<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2023-22-1-45-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-1746</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬЯ НОМЕРА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LEADING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска колэктомии у больных сверхтяжелой атакой язвенного колита</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Results of multicenter observational study «predictors of colectomy in patients with extremely severe ulcerative colitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4558-560X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мингазов</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mingazov</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мингазов Айрат Фанилевич</p><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва,123423,</p><p>ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, г. Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Airat F. Mingazov</p><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423,</p><p>Barrikadnaya str.,2/1, Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polikarpova-e@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6781-2458</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варданян</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vardanyan</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва,123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Armen V. Vardanyan  </p><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9780-7916</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сушков</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sushkov</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва,123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg I. Sushkov  </p><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-2126</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шахматов</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shahmatov</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва,123423,</p><p>ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, г. Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy G. Shahmatov  </p><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423,</p><p>Barrikadnaya str.,2/1, Moscow, 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1697-4670</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нанаева</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nanaeva</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва,123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bella A. Nanaeva  </p><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2013-8798</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва,123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana A. Baranova</p><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7473-6692</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каторкин</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katorkin</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Чапаевская, д. 89, г. Самара, 443099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey E. Katorkin  </p><p>Chapaevskaya str., 89, Samara, 443079</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5326-2624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костенко</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostenko</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Татищева, д. 2, г. Астрахань, 414056</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai V. Kostenko  </p><p>Tatisheva str., 2, Astrakhan, 414056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9294-5447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ачкасов</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Achkasov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва,123423,</p><p>ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, г. Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey I. Achkasov</p><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423,</p><p>Barrikadnaya str.,2/1, Moscow, 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих» Минздрава России;&#13;
ФГБОУ РМАНПО Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryzhikh National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology;&#13;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих» Минздрава России</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryzhikh National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ Астраханской области «Александро-Мариинская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Alexandro-Mariinsky clinical hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мингазов А.Ф., Варданян А.В., Сушков О.И., Шахматов Д.Г., Нанаева Б.А., Баранова Т.А., Каторкин С.Е., Костенко Н.В., Ачкасов С.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мингазов А.Ф., Варданян А.В., Сушков О.И., Шахматов Д.Г., Нанаева Б.А., Баранова Т.А., Каторкин С.Е., Костенко Н.В., Ачкасов С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mingazov A.F., Vardanyan A.V., Sushkov O.I., Shahmatov D.G., Nanaeva B.A., Baranova T.A., Katorkin S.E., Kostenko N.V., Achkasov S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1746">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1746</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: улучшение результатов лечения больных со сверхтяжелой атакой язвенного колита (ЯК).</p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Проведено многоцентровое обсервационное проспективное исследование по типу «случай-контроль». В исследование включено 71 пациент старше 18 лет со «сверхтяжелой» атакой ЯК с июня 2019 по октябрь 2021 года. Всем пациентам проводилась консервативная терапия в соответствии с действующими клиническими рекомендациями. Оценка эффективности лечения проводилась на 3 и 7 сутки терапии, констатировался «ответ» или «отсутствие ответа» на терапию глюкокортикостероидами.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Всего за период наблюдения в течение госпитализации хирургическому лечению подверглись 48(68,0%) пациентов. «Ответили» на консервативную терапию и были выписаны без колэктомии 23(32,0%) пациента. Достоверным независимым предиктором колэктомии на момент госпитализации являлся уровень альбумина менее 29 г/л (ОШ–8,6 95%ДИ: 2,5–39,9, p=0,002). На 3 сутки достоверными предикторами являлись уровень С-реактивного белка более 15,5 мг/л (ОШ–9,95% ДИ: 2,4–46,1, p=0,003) и значение индекса Мейо (без эндоскопической картины) выше 7 баллов (ОШ–13,3 95% ДИ: 3,3–75,7, p=0,0009). </p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Единственным достоверным и независимым предиктором колэктомии на момент госпитализации является уровень альбумина менее 29 г/л. Достоверными факторами, позволяющими оценивать и прогнозировать эффективность проводимой терапии, являются уровень С-реактивного белка более 15,5 мг/л, и значение индекса Мейо выше 7 баллов на 3 сутки проводимой терапии, а также уровень С-реактивного белка выше 29 мг/л на 7 сутки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: to improve the results of treatment of patients with «extremely severe» ulcerative colitis (UC).</p></sec><sec><title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title><p>PATIENTS AND METHODS: A multicenter observational prospective «case-control» study was conducted. The study included 71 patients with «extremely» severe UC from June 2019 to October 2021. All patients underwent conservative therapy in accordance with current clinical guidelines. Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment was carried out on the 3rd and 7th days of therapy, a "response" or "no response" to steroid therapy was stated.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: A total of 48 (68%) patients underwent surgical treatment during the follow-up period during hospitalization. 23 (32%) patients "responded" to conservative therapy and were discharged without colectomy. A reliable independent predictor of colectomy at the time of hospitalization was the level of albumin less than 29 g/l (OR – 8,6 95% CI: 2,5 – 39,9, p=0,002). On day 3, the reliable predictors were the level of C-reactive protein over 15.5 mg/l (OR – 9 95% CI: 2.4 – 46.1, p=0.003) and the value of the Mayo index above 7 points (OR – 13.3 95% CI: 3.3 – 75.7, p=0.0009).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: The study has demonstrated that the only reliable and independent predictor of colectomy at admission to the clinic is the level of albumin less than 29 g/l. Reliable factors that make it possible to evaluate and predict the effectiveness of therapy are the level of C-reactive protein more than 15.5 mg/l and the value of the Mayo index above 7 points on the 3rd day of therapy, as well as the level of C-reactive protein above 29 mg/l on the 7th day.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>язвенный колит</kwd><kwd>тяжелая атака</kwd><kwd>колэктомия</kwd><kwd>предикторы колэктомии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ulcerative colitis</kwd><kwd>acute severe ulcerative colitis</kwd><kwd>colectomy</kwd><kwd>predictors of colectomy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao M, Gonczi L, et al. The Burden of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Europe in 2020. Journal of Crohn’s and colitis. 2021;15(9):1573– 1587. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab029</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao M, Gonczi L, et al. The Burden of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Europe in 2020. Journal of Crohn’s and colitis. 2021;15(9):1573– 1587.doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab029</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burisch J, Vardi H, et al. Epi-IBD group. Health-care costs of inflammatory bowel disease in a pan-European, community-based, inception cohort during 5 years of follow-up: a population-based study. The Lancet Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology. 2020;5(5):454– 464. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30012-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burisch J, Vardi H, et al. Epi-IBD group. Health-care costs of inflammatory bowel disease in a pan-European, community-based, inception cohort during 5 years of follow-up: a population-based study. The Lancet Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology. 2020;5(5):454– 464. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30012-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leeds I, Sundel M, et al. Outcomes for ulcerative colitis with delayed emergency colectomy are worse when controlling for preoperative risk factors. Dis Colon Rectum. 2019;62(5):600–607. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001276</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leeds I, Sundel M, et al. Outcomes for ulcerative colitis with delayed emergency colectomy are worse when controlling for preoperative risk factors. Dis Colon Rectum. 2019;62(5):600–607. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001276</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguen G, Du L, et al. Hypoalbuminaemia and Postoperative Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: the NSQIP Surgical Cohort. Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis. 2019;1433–1438. doi: 10.1093/eccojcc/jjz083</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguen G, Du L, et al. Hypoalbuminaemia and Postoperative Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: the NSQIP Surgical Cohort. Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis. 2019;1433–1438. doi: 10.1093/eccojcc/jjz083</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ordas I, Domenech E, et al. Post-operative morbidity and mortality of a cohort of steroid refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis: Nationwide multicenter study of the GETECCU ENEIDA Registry. The American journal of Gastroenterology. 2018;113(7):1009–1016. doi: 10.1038/s41395-018-0057-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ordas I, Domenech E, et al. Post-operative morbidity and mortality of a cohort of steroid refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis: Nationwide multicenter study of the GETECCU ENEIDA Registry. The American journal of Gastroenterology. 2018;113(7):1009–1016. doi: 10.1038/s41395-018-0057-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Шелыгин Ю.А., Белоусова Е.А., и соавт. Проект клинических рекомендаций по диагностике и лечению язвенного колита. Колопроктология. 2019;4:7–36. doi: 10.33878/2073-7556-2019-18-4-7-36</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Shelygin Yu.A., Belousova E.A., et al. Project clinical guidelines for the diagnostics and treatment of ulcerative colitis. Koloproktologia. 2019;4:7–36. (in Russ.). doi: 10.33878/2073-7556-2019-18-4-7-36</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ачкасов С.И., Шапина М.В., Варданян А.В., и соавт. Предикторы колэктомии у пациентов со сверхтяжелым язвенным колитом. Колопроктология. 2020;19(3):37–48. doi: 10.33878/2073-7556-2020-19-3-37-48</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Achkasov S.I., Shapina M.V., Vardanyan A.V., et al. Predictors of colectomy in patients with «extremely severe» ulcerative colitis. Koloproktologia. 2020;19(3):37–48. (in Russ.). doi: 10.33878/2073-7556-2020-19-3-37-48</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eronen H, Ilus T, et al. Long-term outcome of patients with acute ulcerative colitis after first course of intravenous corticosteroids. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. 2021;56(3):234–238. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2020.1867892</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eronen H, Ilus T, et al. Long-term outcome of patients with acute ulcerative colitis after first course of intravenous corticosteroids. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. 2021;56(3):234–238. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2020.1867892</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grant RK, Jones GR, et al. The ACE (Albumin, CRP and Endoscopy) Index in Acute Colitis: A Simple Clinical Index on Admission that Predicts Outcome in Patients With Acute Ulcerative Colitis. Inflammatory bowel disease. 2021;27(4):451–457. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa088</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grant RK, Jones GR, et al. The ACE (Albumin, CRP and Endoscopy) Index in Acute Colitis: A Simple Clinical Index on Admission that Predicts Outcome in Patients With Acute Ulcerative Colitis. Inflammatory bowel disease. 2021;27(4):451–457. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa088</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patrick D, Doecke JD, et al. Short-term colectomy is avoided in over half of regional patients failing medical therapy for acute severe ulcerative colitis with co-ordinated transfer and tertiary care. Internal medicine journal. 2020;50(7):823–829. doi: 10.1111/imj.14649</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patrick D, Doecke JD, et al. Short-term colectomy is avoided in over half of regional patients failing medical therapy for acute severe ulcerative colitis with co-ordinated transfer and tertiary care. Internal medicine journal. 2020;50(7):823–829. doi: 10.1111/imj.14649</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanaka M, Takagi T, et al. Low serum albumin at admission is a predictor of early colectomy in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. JGH Open. 2021;5:377–381. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.12506</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanaka M, Takagi T, et al. Low serum albumin at admission is a predictor of early colectomy in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. JGH Open. 2021;5:377–381. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.12506</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kevans D, Murthy S, Mould DR, et al. Accelerated Clearance of Infliximab is Associated With Treatment Failure in Patients With Corticosteroid-Refractory Acute Ulcerative Colitis. Journal of Crohn’s and colitis. 2018;12:662–669. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kevans D, Murthy S, Mould DR, et al. Accelerated Clearance of Infliximab is Associated With Treatment Failure in Patients With Corticosteroid-Refractory Acute Ulcerative Colitis. Journal of Crohn’s and colitis. 2018;12:662–669. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy028</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Croft A, Lord A, et al. Markers of Systemic Inflammation in Acute Attacks of Ulcerative Colitis: What Level of C-reactive protein Constitutes Severe Colitis? Journal of Crohn’s and colitis. 2022;jjac014. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Croft A, Lord A, et al. Markers of Systemic Inflammation in Acute Attacks of Ulcerative Colitis: What Level of C-reactive protein Constitutes Severe Colitis? Journal of Crohn’s and colitis. 2022;jjac014. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
