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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2022-21-3-76-84</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-1733</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Безопасность тотальной неоадъювантной терапии в лечении рака прямой кишки. Предварительные результаты рандомизированного исследования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety of the total neo-adjuvant therapy in rectal cancer treatment. Preliminary results of the randomized trial</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-792X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сычев Сергей Игоревич</p><p>улица Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey I. Sychev</p><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@gnck.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6212-9454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернышов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyshov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>улица Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav V. Chernyshov</p><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1730-3070</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арзамасцева</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arzamastseva</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>улица Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna I. Arzamastseva</p><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>улица Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Panina</p><p>Kashirskoe shosse, 23, Moscow, 115478Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4944-4035</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каширское шоссе, д. 23, г. Москва, 115478ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Chernykh</p><p>Kashirskoe shosse, 23, Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8444-0158</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петухов</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petukhov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каширское шоссе, д. 23, г. Москва, 115478Госпитальная пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 105094</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny A. Petukhov</p><p>Kashirskoe shosse, 23, Moscow, 115478Hospitalnaya pl., 3, Moscow, 105094</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-9067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбаков</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybakov</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>улица Саляма Адиля, д. 2, г. Москва, 123423</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny G. Rybakov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryzhikh National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; ФГБУ «Главный военный клинический госпиталь имени акад. Н.Н. Бурденко» МО России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin; The Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сычев С.И., Чернышов С.В., Арзамасцева А.И., Панина М.В., Черных М.В., Петухов Е.А., Рыбаков Е.Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сычев С.И., Чернышов С.В., Арзамасцева А.И., Панина М.В., Черных М.В., Петухов Е.А., Рыбаков Е.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sychev S.I., Chernyshov S.V., Arzamastseva A.I., Panina M.V., Chernykh M.V., Petukhov E.A., Rybakov E.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1733">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1733</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: предварительный анализ переносимости и безопасности тотальной неоадъювантной терапии с тремя консолидирующими курсами химиотерапии по схеме XELOX у больных раком прямой кишки.</p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Пациентов с гистологически подтвержденной аденокарциномой прямой кишки рандомизировали в две группы: в группе ТНТ после неоадъюватной ХЛТ СОД 50–54 Гр с капецитабином проводили 3 курса консолидирующей химиотерапии по схеме XELOX, в группе ХЛТ проводили неоадъюватную ХЛТ СОД 50–54 Гр с капецитабином. Для оценки лучевых реакций применяли шкалу RTOG, для оценки токсических реакций использовали шкалу NCI-CTC v5.0. Отобранным больным с полным клиническим ответом предлагали тактику «наблюдения и выжидания». Характер и тяжесть послеоперационных осложнений оценивали по шкале Clavien-Dindo. Первичная точка исследования: частота полных ответов опухоли (клинических и патоморфологических). Вторичные точки исследования: частота и структура интра- и послеоперационных осложнений, частота осложнений 3–4 степени лучевой терапии и химиотерапии, частота R0-резекций. Исследование зарегистрировано на портале ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04747951).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: За период с октября 2020 по март 2022 гг. в рандомизированное исследование включено 145 пациентов: 72 пациента в группе ТНТ и 73 пациента в группе ХЛТ. Полный курс неоадъювантной терапии в группе ТНТ завершили 90% пациентов против 96% в группе ХЛТ (р = 0,65). Общая частота осложнений лучевой терапии составила 59% в группе ТНТ против 67% в группе ХЛТ (р = 0,48), при этом лучевые реакции 3–4 степени по шкале RTOG были отмечены только в двух случаях в группе ХЛТ. Общая частота осложнений химиотерапии составила 54% в группе ТНТ против 19% в группе ХЛТ(p &lt; 0,001). Частота тяжелых токсических реакций в группе ТНТ составила 3% против 2% в группе ХЛТ. По частоте интра- и послеоперационных осложнений группы не различались.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: предварительные результаты рандомизированного исследования продемонстрировали, что ТНТ является безопасной альтернативой стандартной неоадъюватной ХЛТ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: assess tolerability and safety of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) with three consolidation courses of XELOX for patients with rectal carcinoma.</p></sec><sec><title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title><p>PATIENTS AND METHODS: patients with histologically proven rectal carcinoma were randomly assigned in two groups: in the TNT group after the neoadjuvant CRT 50–54 Gy with capecitabine 3 consolidation courses of XELOX were done, in the CTR group — conventional neoadjuvant CRT 50–54 Gy with capecitabine. The RTOG scale was used to assessed radial reactions, and the NCI-CTC v5.0 scale was used to evaluate toxicity. For selected patients with a complete clinical response «watch and wait» approach was used. Postoperative complications were graded according with the Clavien-Dindo scale. The primary endpoint of study was the complete response rate (clinical and pathomorphological). Secondary endpoints of study: frequency and structure of intraoperative and postoperative complications, the rate of grade 3–4 toxicity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, R0-resection rates. The study was registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04747951).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: between October 2020 and March 2022, 145 patients were enrolled in the randomized study: 72 patients in the TNT group and 73 patients in the CRT group. The full course of neoadjuvant treatment was completed in 90% patients in the TNT group, comparing with 96% in the CRT group (p = 0.65). The total rate of severe adverse effects of radiation therapy was 59% in the TNT group, comparing with 67% in the CRT group (p = 0.48), with 3–4 grade by RTOG scale were observed only in two cases in the CRT group. During chemotherapy severe adverse effects were observed in 54% in the TNT group comparing with 19% in the CRT group (p &lt; 0.001). Grade 3–4 toxicity was 3% in the TNT group comparing with 2% in the CRT group. The rate of intra- and postoperative complications did not differ between two groups.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: TNT is a safe alternative to conventional CRT.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>неоадъювантная терапия</kwd><kwd>тотальная неоадъювантная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rectal carcinoma</kwd><kwd>neoadjuvant therapy</kwd><kwd>total neoadjuvant therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gollins S, Sebag-Montefiore D. Neoadjuvant Treatment Strategies for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Clin Oncol. 2016;28(2):146–151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gollins S, Sebag-Montefiore D. Neoadjuvant Treatment Strategies for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. 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