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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2022-21-2-91-104</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-1699</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неоадъювантная химиотерапия как альтернатива лучевой терапии в лечении больных прогностически неблагоприятным раком прямой кишки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neoadjuvant chemotherapy without radiation therapy for rectal cancer with negative prognosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-2958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Невольских</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nevolskikh</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Алексеевич Невольских, доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по лечебной работе</p><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии»</p><p>249031</p><p>ул. Королева, д. 4</p><p>249039</p><p>тер. Студгородок, д. 1</p><p>Калужская область</p><p>Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Nevolskikh</p><p>A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center</p><p>249031</p><p>Korolev st., 4</p><p>249039</p><p>Studgorodok st., 1</p><p>Obninsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nevol@mrrc.obninsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2678-016X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеенко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виолетта Андреевна Авдеенко, студентка</p><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии»</p><p>медицинский факультет</p><p>5 курс</p><p>249031</p><p>ул. Королева, д. 4</p><p>249039</p><p>тер. Студгородок, д. 1</p><p>Калужская область</p><p>Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Violetta A. Avdeenko</p><p>A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center</p><p>249031</p><p>Korolev st., 4</p><p>249039</p><p>Studgorodok st., 1</p><p>Obninsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avdeenko.vita@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4709-1726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белохвостова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belohvostova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Сергеевна Белохвостова, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-онколог</p><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии»</p><p>отделение противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии</p><p>249031</p><p>ул. Королева, д. 4</p><p>Калужская область</p><p>Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Belohvostova</p><p>A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center</p><p>249031</p><p>Korolev st., 4</p><p>Obninsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5252-0436</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зибиров</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zibirov</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Руслан Фяритович Зибиров, врач-патологоанатом</p><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии»</p><p>патолого-анатомическое отделение</p><p>249031</p><p>ул. Королева, д. 4</p><p>249039</p><p>тер. Студгородок, д. 1</p><p>Калужская область</p><p>Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ruslan F. Zibirov</p><p>A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center</p><p>249031</p><p>Korolev st., 4</p><p>249039</p><p>Studgorodok st., 1</p><p>Obninsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9449-2135</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалёва</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mihaleva</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Юрьевна Михалёва, врач-онколог</p><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии»</p><p>отделение лучевого и хирургического лечения заболеваний абдоминальной области</p><p>249031</p><p>ул. Королева, д. 4</p><p>Калужская область</p><p>Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia Yu. Mihaleva</p><p>A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center</p><p>249031</p><p>Korolev st., 4</p><p>Obninsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9243-6519</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Почуев</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pochuev</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тарас Петрович Почуев, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии»</p><p>отделение лучевого и хирургического лечения заболеваний абдоминальной области</p><p>249031</p><p>ул. Королева, д. 4</p><p>Калужская область</p><p>Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Taras P. Pochuev</p><p>A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center</p><p>249031</p><p>Korolev st., 4</p><p>Obninsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3549-4499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березовская</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezovskaya</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Павловна Березовская, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии»</p><p>отделение магнитно-резонансной томографии</p><p>249031</p><p>ул. Королева, д. 4</p><p>Калужская область</p><p>Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana P. Berezovskaya</p><p>A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center</p><p>249031</p><p>Korolev st., 4</p><p>Obninsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4524-0839</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дайнеко</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Daineko</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яна Александровна Дайнеко, научный сотрудник, врач-рентгенолог</p><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии»</p><p>отделение компьютерной и магнитно-резонансной томографии</p><p>249031</p><p>ул. Королева, д. 4</p><p>Калужская область</p><p>Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana A. Daineko</p><p>A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center</p><p>249031</p><p>Korolev st., 4</p><p>Obninsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>Л. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>L. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Леонид Олегович Петров, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением</p><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии»</p><p>отделение лучевого и хирургического лечения заболеваний абдоминальной области </p><p>249031</p><p>ул. Королева, д. 4</p><p>Калужская область</p><p>Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid O. Petrov</p><p>A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center</p><p>249031</p><p>Korolev st., 4</p><p>Obninsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7689-6032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Анатольевич Иванов,  доктор медицинских наук, профессор РАН, директор</p><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии»</p><p>249031</p><p>ул. Королева, д. 4</p><p>249039</p><p>тер. Студгородок, д. 1</p><p>Калужская область</p><p>Обнинск</p><p>117198</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Ivanov</p><p>A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center</p><p>249031</p><p>Korolev st., 4</p><p>249039</p><p>Studgorodok st., 1</p><p>Obninsk</p><p>117198</p><p>Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каприн</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaprin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Дмитриевич Каприн, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик Российской академии наук, академик Российской академии образования, член Президиума РАН, член Президиума РАО, Заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, Генеральный директор</p><p>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии»</p><p>249031</p><p>ул. Маршала Жукова, д. 10</p><p>Калужская область</p><p>Обнинск</p><p>117198</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey D. Kaprin</p><p>National Medical Research Radiological Centre</p><p>249031</p><p>Marshal Zhukov st., 10</p><p>Obninsk</p><p>117198</p><p>Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Минздрав России; Обнинский институт атомной энергетики — филиал федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский ядерный&#13;
университет «МИФИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Минздрав России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Минздрав России; Обнинский институт атомной энергетики — филиал федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский ядерный&#13;
университет «МИФИ»; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Минздрав России; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Health of the Russian Federation; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Невольских А.А., Авдеенко В.А., Белохвостова А.С., Зибиров Р.Ф., Михалёва Ю.Ю., Почуев Т.П., Березовская Т.П., Дайнеко Я.А., Петров Л.О., Иванов С.А., Каприн А.Д., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Невольских А.А., Авдеенко В.А., Белохвостова А.С., Зибиров Р.Ф., Михалёва Ю.Ю., Почуев Т.П., Березовская Т.П., Дайнеко Я.А., Петров Л.О., Иванов С.А., Каприн А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nevolskikh A.A., Avdeenko V.A., Belohvostova A.S., Zibirov R.F., Mihaleva Y.Y., Pochuev T.P., Berezovskaya T.P., Daineko Y.A., Petrov L.O., Ivanov S.A., Kaprin A.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1699">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1699</self-uri><abstract><p>   Введение: проведение неоадъювантной химиолучевой терапии (ХЛТ) с дальнейшим хирургическим вмешательством является стандартом лечения больных местно-распространенным раком прямой кишки (РПК). Однако при этом увеличивается интервал между лучевой терапией и началом системной лекарственной терапии. Проведение неоадъювантной химиотерапии (НАХТ) вместо ХЛТ при РПК позволяет избежать лучевых реакций и повреждений, а также раньше начать системное лечение.   Цель исследования: анализ эффективности НАХТ в режиме FOLFOX6 у больных раком средне- и верхнеампулярного отделов прямой кишки с неблагоприятными факторами прогноза.   Пациенты и методы: в исследование вошло 52 пациента (мужчины — 40,4 %, женщины — 59,6 %), которым в период 2017–2021 годов была проведена НАХТ с последующим хирургическим лечением. У 94,2 % больных имелась III и у 5,8 % — II клиническая стадия. По данным МРТ, у 33 (63,5 %) пациентов имелась экстрамуральная сосудистая инвазия, расстояние от опухоли до мезоректальной фасции в 17 % случаев составило ≤ 2 мм. Всем больным предполагалось проведение 4 циклов НАХТ в режиме FOLFOX6 с последующим хирургическим вмешательством.   Результаты: НАХТ в полном объеме (≥ 4 циклов) была завершена у 43 пациентов (82,7%). Токсические реакции в процессе НАХТ были зарегистрированы у 35,6 % больных. Сфинктеросохраняющие хирургические вмешательства были проведены у 51 (98,1 %) больных. Послеоперационные осложнения зарегистрированы у 13 (25,0 %) пациентов. По данным патоморфологического исследования, III стадия была установлена у 29 больных (55,8 %), 0 — II стадия — у 22 (42,3 %). При оценке степени патоморфоза (CAP, 2019) у 12 (23,1 %) пациентов получен частичный ответ. У одного больного (1,9 %) признаков остаточной опухоли выявлено не было. Уменьшение категории Т по сравнению с данными МРТ до НАХТ отмечено у 23 (44,2 %) пациентов, категории N — у 29 (55,8 %). При медиане наблюдения 31 (3-54) месяц местные рецидивы выявлены у 5 (9,6 %), отдаленные метастазы — у 4 (7,7 %) пациентов. Кумулятивная трехлетняя частота местных рецидивов составила 11,3 ± 4,8 %. Общая и безрецидивная трехлетняя выживаемость составили88,2 ± 5,8 % и 76,4 ± 7,4 %, соответственно.   Заключение: Комбинированное лечение больных РПК с неблагоприятными факторами прогноза с использованием НАХТ в режиме FOLFOX6 удовлетворительно переносится больными, сопровождается небольшим количеством токсических реакций и послеоперационных осложнений, и является перспективным и многообещающим методом. Необходима разработка новых патоморфологических критериев ответа опухоли на неоадъювантную лекарственную терапию.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Aim</title><p>   Aim: to assess the effectiveness of neo-CT in the FOLFOX6 regimen in patients with mid- and upper rectal cancer (RC)associated with poor prognosis.   Patients and methods: fifty-two patients were included into study. All had neo-CT with subsequent surgical treat-ment between 2017 and 2021. Of them 94.2% had stage III and 5.8% had stage II. An extramural vascular invasionwas detected by MRI in 33 (63.5%) patients. The distance between the tumor and the mesorectal fascia was ≤ 2 mmin 17%. All patients had 4 cycles of neo-CT in FOLFOX6 regimen followed by surgery.   Results: the compliance (≥ 4 cycles of neo-CT) was 82.7 % (n = 43). The overall toxicity rate was 35.6 %. Sphincter-saving surgery was performed in 51 (98.1 %) patients. Postoperative morbidity was 25.0 %. Final pathology revealed stage III in 29 (55.8 %) patients, stage 0 — stage II — in 22 (42.3 %). In accordance with the degree of pathomorphosis (CAP, 2019), 12 (23.1 %) patients showed a partial response. In one patient (1.9 %) no signs of residual tumor were detected. Downstaging of the T stage compared with MRI data before neo-CT was noted in 23 (44.2 %) patients, N stage — in 29 (55.8 %). With a mean follow-up of 31 (3-54) months, local recurrences were detected in 5 (9.6 %) patients, and distant metastases in 4 (7.7 %). The cumulative 3-year recurrence rate was 11.3 ± 4.8 %. The three-year overall and recurrence-free survival rate was 88.2 ± 5.8 % and 76.4 ± 7.4 %, respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion: the multimodal approach for RC with adverse prognostic factors using neo-CT in the FOLFOX6 regimenis well tolerated by patients, has a small toxicity and postoperative morbidity as well. It is necessary to develop newpathology criteria for tumor response to neo-CT.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>неоадъювантная химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>химиолучевая терапия</kwd><kwd>патоморфоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>neoadjuvant chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>chemoradiotherapy</kwd><kwd>pathomorphosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каприн А. Д. Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2019 году (заболеваемость и смертность) / А. Д. Каприн, В. В. Старинский, А. О. Шахзадова. – М.: МНИОИ им. П. А. Герцена — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России. – 2020. – С. 9-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaprin A. D., Starinsky V. V., Shakhzadova A. O. Malignant neo-plasms in Russia in 2019 (morbidity and mortality). Moscow: P. A. 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