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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2022-21-1-26-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-1691</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение искусственного интеллекта в МРТ диагностике рака прямой кишки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The use of artificial intelligence in MRI diagnostics of rectal cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9885-6824</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елигулашвили</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eligulashvili</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@gnck.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9442-7480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зароднюк</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zarodnyuk</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9294-5447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ачкасов</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Achkasov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2545-7966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белов</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0577-0528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михальченко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhalchenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6785-5191</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4964-0848</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Запольский</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zapolskiy</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>121059, г. Москва, Бережковская набережная, д. 38, стр. 1, этаж 3, помещение 1, комната 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>121059, Moscow, Berezhkovskaya embankment, 38, building 1, floor 3, room 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-5486</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суслова</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suslova</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>121059, г. Москва, Бережковская набережная, д. 38, стр. 1, этаж 3, помещение 1, комната 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>121059, Moscow, Berezhkovskaya embankment, 38, building 1, floor 3, room 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2243-1317</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ряховская</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryakhovskaya</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>121059, г. Москва, Бережковская набережная, д. 38, стр. 1, этаж 3, помещение 1, комната 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>121059, Moscow, Berezhkovskaya embankment, 38, building 1, floor 3, room 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-1036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>248000, г. Калуга, ул. Циолковского, д. 4, офис 301</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>248000, Kaluga, Tsiolkovsky str., 4, office 301</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0657-1256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатов</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatov</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>248000, г. Калуга, ул. Циолковского, д. 4, офис 301</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>248000, Kaluga, Tsiolkovsky str., 4, office 301</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryzhikh National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Национальный Центр Сервисной Интеграции»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC “National Center of Service Integration”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Медицинские Скрининг Системы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC “Medical Screening Systems”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Елигулашвили Р.Р., Зароднюк И.В., Ачкасов С.И., Белов Д.М., Михальченко В.А., Гончарова Е.П., Запольский А.Г., Суслова Д.И., Ряховская М.А., Никитин Е.Д., Филатов Н.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Елигулашвили Р.Р., Зароднюк И.В., Ачкасов С.И., Белов Д.М., Михальченко В.А., Гончарова Е.П., Запольский А.Г., Суслова Д.И., Ряховская М.А., Никитин Е.Д., Филатов Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eligulashvili R.R., Zarodnyuk I.V., Achkasov S.I., Belov D.M., Mikhalchenko V.A., Goncharova E.P., Zapolskiy A.G., Suslova D.I., Ryakhovskaya M.A., Nikitin E.D., Filatov N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1691">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1691</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: разработка систем поддержки принятия врачебного решения при МРТ-диагностике рака прямой кишки: локализация и сегментация первичной опухоли.</p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в работу было включено 450 МРТ-исследований больных раком прямой кишки (РПК) и 450 МРТ-исследований пациентов без опухолевого поражения прямой кишки. Все пациенты с опухолями прямой кишки имели гистологическую верификацию злокачественного процесса. Данные собирались в коронарной и аксиальной проекциях T2-ВИ (МРТ Philips Achieva 1,5 Тл). Разметка объектов проводилась только для проекций T2-ВИ, где сегментировались область интереса – прямая, сигмовидная кишка и опухоль. Для разметки МРТ изображений была использована программа ITK-Snap. Провалидированные исследования и разметка использовались для создания модели машинного обучения, демонстрирующей возможности набора данных для построения систем поддержки принятия врачебного решения. Для создания базовой модели искусственного интеллекта использовались нейросети SegResNet, TransUnet, 3D Unet. Набор пациентов и непосредственно разметка МРТ исследований были проведены врачами ФГБУ «НМИЦ колопроктологии им А.Н. Рыжих» Минздрава России. Разработка модели искусственного интеллекта, валидация разметки выполнялась сотрудниками ООО «Медицинские Скрининг Системы», АО «Национальный Центр Сервисной Интеграции».</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: коэффициенты близости (DSC) различных нейросетей составили: TransUnet - 0.33, SegResNet - 0.50, 3DUnet - 0.42. Диагностическая эффективность нейросети SegResNet в выявлении опухолей прямой кишки с добавлением отрицательных примеров и постобработкой составила: точность 77,0%; чувствительность 98,1%; специфичность 45,1%; положительная прогностическая ценность 72,9%; отрицательная прогностическая ценность 94,1%.  На данном этапе ИИ обладает довольно высокой чувствительностью и точностью, что говорит о высокой диагностической эффективности в отношении визуализации первичной опухоли и определении ее локализации в прямой кишке. Однако специфичность метода пока на неудовлетворительном уровне (45,1%), что говорит о высоком проценте ложноположительных результатов у здоровых пациентов и не позволяет использовать модель в качестве скринингового метода на данном этапе ее развития.  </p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: собранный датасет МРТ-исследований и их разметка, позволили получить ИИ-модель, которая позволяет решать задачу сегментирования опухоли прямой кишки и определение ее локализации. Следующим этапом развития ИИ является улучшение ее специфичности, расширение анализируемых параметров, таких как глубина инвазии опухоли, визуализиция метастатических лимфатических узлов и статуса края резекции. Для дальнейшей разработки метрики модели и улучшения ее диагностических возможностей, следует экспериментировать с параметрами обучения и увеличивать набор данных. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: development of medical decision support systems for MRI diagnostics of rectal cancer: localization and segmentation of the primary tumor.</p></sec><sec><title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title><p>PATIENTS AND METHODS: the research included 450 MRI studies of patients with rectal cancer and 450 MRI studies of patients without a tumor lesion of the rectum. All patients with tumors of rectum had histological verification of the malignant process. Data were collected in T2Wcoronal and axial projections (MRI Philips Achieva 1.5 T). Object marking was carried out only for T2W projections, where the area of interest was segmented - rectum, sigmoid colon and tumor. The ITK-Snap program was used to label MRI images. The validated studies and labeling were used to create a machine learning model that demonstrates the capability of the dataset to build medical decision support systems. SegResNet, TransUnet, 3D Unet neural networks were used to create a basic artificial intelligence model. The data set of patients and the direct marking of MRI studies were carried out by doctors of Ryzhikh National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology. The development of the artificial intelligence model, markup validation was carried out by employees of JSC "National Center of Service Integration" and LLC "Medical Screening Systems".</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of various neural networks were: TransUnet - 0.33, SegResNet - 0.50, 3D Unet - 0.42. The diagnostic efficiency of the SegResNet neural network in detecting rectal tumors with the addition of negative examples and post-processing was: accuracy 77.0%; sensitivity 98.1%; specificity 45.1%; positive predictive value 72.9%; negative predictive value of 94.1%. At this stage, AI has a fairly high sensitivity and accuracy, which indicates a high diagnostic efficiency in terms of visualizing the primary tumor and determining localization in the rectum. However, the specificity of the method is still at an unsatisfactory level (45.1%), which indicates a high percentage of false positive results in healthy patients and does not allow the model to be used as a screening method at this stage of development.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: the collected dataset of MRI studies and their markup made it possible to obtain an AI model that allows solving the problem of segmenting a rectal tumor and determining its localization. The next stage in the development of AI is to improve its specificity, expand the analyzed parameters, such as the depth of tumor invasion, visualization of metastatic lymph nodes and the status of the resection margin. To further develop the model metric and improve its diagnostic capabilities, we should experiment with training parameters and increase the dataset.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>МРТ</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>нейросеть</kwd><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>MRI</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>neural network</kwd><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">субсидия Министерства Здравоохранения Российской Федерации</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">grant from the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каприн А.Д, Старинский В.В., Шахзадова А.О. 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