<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2021-20-4-10-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-1671</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL GUIDELINES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анальная трещина</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anal fissure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агапов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиев </surname><given-names>Ф. Ш.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ачкасов</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Башанкаев</surname><given-names>Б. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бирюков </surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Благодарный </surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев </surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грошилин </surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жарков</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпухин </surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костарев </surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костенко</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьминов </surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркарьян</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Москалев </surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мудров </surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муравьев </surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нечай </surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимербулатов </surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов </surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хрюкин </surname><given-names>Р. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хубезов </surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелыгин </surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelygin</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shelygin Yuri А. </p><p>Salyama Adilya str., 2, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polikarpova-e@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Общероссийская общественная организация "Ассоциация колопроктологов России"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н.Рыжих" Минздрава России;&#13;
Общероссийская общественная организация "Ассоциация колопроктологов России"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryzhikh National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Агапов М.А., Алиев  Ф.Ш., Ачкасов С.И., Башанкаев Б.Н., Бирюков  О.М., Благодарный  Л.А., Васильев  С.В., Григорьев Е.Г., Грошилин  В.С., Жарков Е.Е., Карпухин  О.Ю., Костарев  И.В., Костенко Н.В., Кузьминов  А.М., Маркарьян Д.Р., Москалев  А.И., Мудров  А.А., Муравьев  А.В., Нечай  И.А., Тимербулатов  В.М., Титов А.Ю., Фролов  С.А., Хрюкин  Р.Ю., Хубезов  Д.А., Шелыгин  Ю.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Агапов М.А., Алиев  Ф.Ш., Ачкасов С.И., Башанкаев Б.Н., Бирюков  О.М., Благодарный  Л.А., Васильев  С.В., Григорьев Е.Г., Грошилин  В.С., Жарков Е.Е., Карпухин  О.Ю., Костарев  И.В., Костенко Н.В., Кузьминов  А.М., Маркарьян Д.Р., Москалев  А.И., Мудров  А.А., Муравьев  А.В., Нечай  И.А., Тимербулатов  В.М., Титов А.Ю., Фролов  С.А., Хрюкин  Р.Ю., Хубезов  Д.А., Шелыгин  Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Агапов М.А., Алиев  Ф.Ш., Ачкасов С.И., Башанкаев Б.Н., Бирюков  О.М., Благодарный  Л.А., Васильев  С.В., Григорьев Е.Г., Грошилин  В.С., Жарков Е.Е., Карпухин  О.Ю., Костарев  И.В., Костенко Н.В., Кузьминов  А.М., Маркарьян Д.Р., Москалев  А.И., Мудров  А.А., Муравьев  А.В., Нечай  И.А., Тимербулатов  В.М., Титов А.Ю., Фролов  С.А., Хрюкин  Р.Ю., Хубезов  Д.А., Shelygin Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1671">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1671</self-uri><abstract><p>.  </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>.  </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анальная трещина</kwd><kwd>клинические рекомендации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Anal fissure</kwd><kwd>Clinical recommendation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шелыгин Ю.А., Благодарный. Л.А. Справочник по колопроктологии. Литтера, 2014, 608 с. /</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shelygyn Yu.A., Blagodarny L.A. Handbook of coloproctology. M., Literra, 2014, 608 p. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wienert V, Raulf F, Mlitz H. Anal fissure: Symptoms, diagnosis and therapies. 2017, Springer. p. 63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wienert V, Raulf F, Mlitz H. Anal fissure: Symptoms, diagnosis and therapies. 2017, Springer. p. 63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bobkiewicz A, Francuzik W, Krokowicz L, et al. Botulinum Toxin Injection for Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure: Is There Any Dose-Dependent Efficiency? A Meta-Analysis. World J Surg. 2016; 40(12): 3064-3072.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bobkiewicz A, Francuzik W, Krokowicz L, et al. Botulinum Toxin Injection for Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure: Is There Any Dose-Dependent Efficiency? A Meta-Analysis. World J Surg. 2016; 40(12): 3064-3072.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nelson RL, Thomas K, Morgan J, et al. Non surgical therapy for anal fissure. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2012; 2: CD003431.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nelson RL, Thomas K, Morgan J, et al. Non surgical therapy for anal fissure. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2012; 2: CD003431.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stewart DBSr, Gaertner W, Glasgow S, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of anal fissures. Dis Colon Rectum. 2017;60 (1):7–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stewart DBSr, Gaertner W, Glasgow S, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of anal fissures. Dis Colon Rectum. 2017;60 (1):7–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sajid MS, Hunte S, Hippolyte S, et al. Comparison of surgical vs chemical sphincterotomy using botulinum toxin for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis. 2008;10:547–552.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sajid MS, Hunte S, Hippolyte S, et al. Comparison of surgical vs chemical sphincterotomy using botulinum toxin for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis. 2008;10:547–552.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Felt-Bersma RJ, Han-Geurts IJ. Anal Fissure, in Anorectal Disorders. 2019; Elsevier., pp. 65-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Felt-Bersma RJ, Han-Geurts IJ. Anal Fissure, in Anorectal Disorders. 2019; Elsevier., pp. 65-80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Higuero T. Update on the management of anal fissure. Journal of visceral surgery, 2015; 152(2): 37-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Higuero T. Update on the management of anal fissure. Journal of visceral surgery, 2015; 152(2): 37-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beaty JS, Shashidharan M. Anal Fissure. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2016; 29(1): 30-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beaty JS, Shashidharan M. Anal Fissure. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2016; 29(1): 30-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bailey HR, Beck DE, Billingham RP, et al. A study to determine the nitroglycerin ointment dose and dosing interval that best promote the healing of chronic anal fissures. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002; 45(9): 1192-1199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bailey HR, Beck DE, Billingham RP, et al. A study to determine the nitroglycerin ointment dose and dosing interval that best promote the healing of chronic anal fissures. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002; 45(9): 1192-1199.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жарков Е.Е. Комплексное лечение хронической анальной трещины. Αвтореферат дисс. канд. мед. наук. 2009; М., 113 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zharkov E.E. Complex treatment of chronic anal fissure. Αabstract diss. cand. med. sciences. 2009; M., 113 p. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nelson R. A systematic review of medical therapy for anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004; 47(4): 422-431. DOI: 10.1007/s10350-003-0079-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nelson R. A systematic review of medical therapy for anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004; 47(4): 422-431. DOI: 10.1007/s10350-003-0079-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Outryve M. Physiopathology of the anal fissure. Acta Chir Belg. 2006; 106(5): 517-518. DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2006.11679942</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Outryve M. Physiopathology of the anal fissure. Acta Chir Belg. 2006; 106(5): 517-518. DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2006.11679942</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lund JN. Nitric oxide deficiency in the internal anal sphincter of patients with chronic anal fissure. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006; 21(7): 673-675. DOI: 10.1007/s00384-005-0757-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lund JN. Nitric oxide deficiency in the internal anal sphincter of patients with chronic anal fissure. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006; 21(7): 673-675. DOI: 10.1007/s00384-005-0757-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Opazo A, Aguirre E, Saldana E, et al. Patterns of impaired internal anal sphincter activity in patients with anal fissure. Colorectal Dis. 2013; 15(4): 492-499. DOI: 10.1111/codi.12095</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Opazo A, Aguirre E, Saldana E, et al. Patterns of impaired internal anal sphincter activity in patients with anal fissure. Colorectal Dis. 2013; 15(4): 492-499. DOI: 10.1111/codi.12095</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Meegdenburg MM, Trzpis M, Heineman E, et al. Increased anal basal pressure in chronic anal fissures may be caused by overreaction of the anal-external sphincter continence reflex. Med Hypotheses. 2016;94:25-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.06.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Meegdenburg MM, Trzpis M, Heineman E, et al. Increased anal basal pressure in chronic anal fissures may be caused by overreaction of the anal-external sphincter continence reflex. Med Hypotheses. 2016;94:25-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.06.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klosterhalfen B, Vogel P, Rixen H, et al. Topography of the inferior rectal artery: a possible cause of chronic, primary anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum. 1989; 32(1): 43-52. DOI: 10.1007/BF02554725</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klosterhalfen B, Vogel P, Rixen H, et al. Topography of the inferior rectal artery: a possible cause of chronic, primary anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum. 1989; 32(1): 43-52. DOI: 10.1007/BF02554725</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lund JN, Binch C, McGrath J, et al. Topographical distribution of blood supply to the anal canal. Br J Surg. 1999. 86(4): 496-498. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.1999.01026.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lund JN, Binch C, McGrath J, et al. Topographical distribution of blood supply to the anal canal. Br J Surg. 1999. 86(4): 496-498. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.1999.01026.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schouten WR, Briel JW, Auwerda JJ. Relationship between anal pressure and anodermal blood flow. The vascular pathogenesis of anal fissures. Dis Colon Rectum. 1994; 37(7): 664-669. DOI: 10.1007/BF02054409</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schouten WR, Briel JW, Auwerda JJ. Relationship between anal pressure and anodermal blood flow. The vascular pathogenesis of anal fissures. Dis Colon Rectum. 1994; 37(7): 664-669. DOI: 10.1007/BF02054409</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нехрикова С.В., Титов А.Ю., Кашников В.Н. и соавт. Амбулаторное лечение пациентов с заболеваниями анального канала и перианальной области. Доказательная гастроэнтерология. 2019; 8(3): 27-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nekhrikova S.V., Titov A.Yu., Kashnikov V.N. et al. Outpatient treatment of patients with diseases of the anal canal and perianal region. Dokazatel’naya gastroenterologia. 2019; 8(3): 27-37. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воробьев Г.И. Основы колопроктологии. Ростов н/Д, 2001; 413 с. / Vorobiev G.I. Fundamentals of Coloproctology. Rostov-on-Don, 2001; 413 p. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vorobiev G.I. Fundamentals of Coloproctology. Rostov-on-Don, 2001; 413 p. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воробьев Г.И., Шелыгин Ю.А., Подмаренкова Л.Ф. и соавт. Роль профилометрии в выборе метода лечения анальной трещины. Колопроктология. 2008; 3: 14-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vorobiev G.I., Shelygin Yu.A., Podmarenkova L.F. et al. The role of profilometry in the choice of anal fissure treatment method. Koloproktologia. 2008; 3: 14-17. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuehn HG, Gebbensleben O, Hilger Y, et al. Relationship between anal symptoms and anal findings. Int J Med Sci. 2009;6(2): 77-84. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6.77</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuehn HG, Gebbensleben O, Hilger Y, et al. Relationship between anal symptoms and anal findings. Int J Med Sci. 2009;6(2): 77-84. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6.77</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Титов А.Ю., Жарков Е.Е., Варданян А.В. и соавт. Дифференциально-диагностические критерии эрозивно-язвенных поражений анального канала и перианальной кожи. Колопроктология. 2012; 3: 3-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titov A.Yu., Zharkov E.E., Vardanyan A.V. et al. Differential diagnostic criteria for erosive and ulcerative lesions of the anal canal and perianal skin. Koloproktologia. 2012; 3: 3-10. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erel S, Adahan D, Kismet K, et al. Risk factors special to eastern culture for the development of anal fissure. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2009;110(11): 710-712.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erel S, Adahan D, Kismet K, et al. Risk factors special to eastern culture for the development of anal fissure. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2009;110(11): 710-712.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jensen SL. Diet and other risk factors for fissure-in-ano. Prospective case control study. Dis Colon Rectum. 1988; 31(10): 770-773. DOI: 10.1007/BF02560104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jensen SL. Diet and other risk factors for fissure-in-ano. Prospective case control study. Dis Colon Rectum. 1988; 31(10): 770-773. DOI: 10.1007/BF02560104</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta PJ. Consumption of red-hot chili pepper increases symptoms in patients with acute anal fissures. Ann Ital Chir. 2008; 79(5): 347-351.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta PJ. Consumption of red-hot chili pepper increases symptoms in patients with acute anal fissures. Ann Ital Chir. 2008; 79(5): 347-351.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шелыгин Ю.А., Фоменко О.Ю., Титов А.Ю. и соавт. Сфинктерометрические показатели в анальном канале в норме. Колопроктология. 2016;2:32-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shelygin Yu.A., Fomenko O.Yu., Titov A.Yu. et al. Sphincterometric indicators in the anal canal are normal. Koloproktologia. 2016;2:32-36. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santander C, Gisbert JP, Moreno-Otero R, et al. Usefulness of manometry to select patients with anal fissure for controlled anal dilatation. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2010; 102(12): 691-697. DOI: 10.4321/s1130-01082010001200003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santander C, Gisbert JP, Moreno-Otero R, et al. Usefulness of manometry to select patients with anal fissure for controlled anal dilatation. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2010; 102(12): 691-697. DOI: 10.4321/s1130-01082010001200003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simkovic D, Smejkal K, Siroky M, et al. Importance of the anorectal manometry in chronic anal fissure. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2001;44(3): 105-107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simkovic D, Smejkal K, Siroky M, et al. Importance of the anorectal manometry in chronic anal fissure. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2001;44(3): 105-107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Opazo A, Aguirre E, Saldaña E et al. Patterns of impaired Internal anal sphincter activity in patients with anal fissure. Colorectal Dis. 2013 Apr;15(4):492-499. DOI: 10.1111/codi.12095.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Opazo A, Aguirre E, Saldaña E et al. Patterns of impaired Internal anal sphincter activity in patients with anal fissure. Colorectal Dis. 2013 Apr;15(4):492-499. DOI: 10.1111/codi.12095.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arroyo A, Montes E, Calderon T, et al. Treatment algorithm for anal fissure. Consensus document of the Spanish Association of Coloproctology and the Coloproctology Division of the Spanish Association of Surgeons. Cir Esp. 2018; 96(5): 260-267. DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2018.02.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arroyo A, Montes E, Calderon T, et al. Treatment algorithm for anal fissure. Consensus document of the Spanish Association of Coloproctology and the Coloproctology Division of the Spanish Association of Surgeons. Cir Esp. 2018; 96(5): 260-267. DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2018.02.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramkumar D, Rao SS. Efficacy and safety of traditional medical therapies for chronic constipation: systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005; 100(4): 936-971. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.40925.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramkumar D, Rao SS. Efficacy and safety of traditional medical therapies for chronic constipation: systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005; 100(4): 936-971. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.40925.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bahrami, HR, Hamedi S, Salari R, et al. Herbal Medicines for the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Electron Physician. 2016; 8(8): 2719-2725. DOI: 10.19082/2719</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bahrami, HR, Hamedi S, Salari R, et al. Herbal Medicines for the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Electron Physician. 2016; 8(8): 2719-2725. DOI: 10.19082/2719</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta P. Randomized, controlled study comparing sitz-bath and no-sitz-bath treatments in patients with acute anal fissures. ANZ J Surg. 2006;76:718–721. DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2006.03838.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta P. Randomized, controlled study comparing sitz-bath and no-sitz-bath treatments in patients with acute anal fissures. ANZ J Surg. 2006;76:718–721. DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2006.03838.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gough MJ, Lewis A. The conservative treatment of fissure-in- ano. Br J Surg. 1983;70:175–176. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800700312</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gough MJ, Lewis A. The conservative treatment of fissure-in- ano. Br J Surg. 1983;70:175–176. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800700312</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jensen SL. Treatment of first episodes of acute anal fissure: prospective randomised study of lignocaine ointment versus hydrocortisone ointment or warm sitz baths plus bran. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;292:1167–1169. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.292.6529.1167</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jensen SL. Treatment of first episodes of acute anal fissure: prospective randomised study of lignocaine ointment versus hydrocortisone ointment or warm sitz baths plus bran. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;292:1167–1169. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.292.6529.1167</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткалич О.В., Жарков Е.Е., Пономаренко А.А. и соавт. Современные методы медикаментозной релаксации внутреннего сфинктера у больных хронической анальной трещиной. Хирург. 2019; 3(8):26-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkalich O.V., Zharkov E.E., Ponomarenko A.A. et al. Modern methods of medication relaxation of the internal sphincter in patients with chronic anal fissure. Khirurg. 2019; 3(8):26-42. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahebally SM, Meshkat B, Walsh SR, et al. Botulinum toxin injection vs topical nitrates for chronic anal fissure: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Colorectal Dis. 2018;20(1):6-15. DOI: 10.1111/codi.13969</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahebally SM, Meshkat B, Walsh SR, et al. Botulinum toxin injection vs topical nitrates for chronic anal fissure: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Colorectal Dis. 2018;20(1):6-15. DOI: 10.1111/codi.13969</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dat A, Chin M, Skinner S, et al. Botulinum toxin therapy for chronic anal fissures: where are we at currently? ANZ J Surg. 2017; 87(9): E70-E73. DOI: 10.1111/ans.13329</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dat A, Chin M, Skinner S, et al. Botulinum toxin therapy for chronic anal fissures: where are we at currently? ANZ J Surg. 2017; 87(9): E70-E73. DOI: 10.1111/ans.13329</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin JX, Krishna S, Sua B, et al. Optimal Dosing of Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2016;59(9):886-894. DOI: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000612</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin JX, Krishna S, Sua B, et al. Optimal Dosing of Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2016;59(9):886-894. DOI: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000612</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berkel AE, Rosman C, Koop R, et al. Isosorbide dinitrate ointment vs botulinum toxin A (Dysport) as the primary treatment for chronic anal fissure: a randomized multicentre study. Colorectal Dis. 2014;16(10):360-366. DOI: 10.1111/codi.12615</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berkel AE, Rosman C, Koop R, et al. Isosorbide dinitrate ointment vs botulinum toxin A (Dysport) as the primary treatment for chronic anal fissure: a randomized multicentre study. Colorectal Dis. 2014;16(10):360-366. DOI: 10.1111/codi.12615</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arroyo A, Perez F, Serrano P, et al. Surgical versus chemical (botulinum toxin) sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: long-term results of a prospective randomized clinical and manometric study. Am J Surg. 2005;189(4):429-434. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2004.06.045</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arroyo A, Perez F, Serrano P, et al. Surgical versus chemical (botulinum toxin) sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: long-term results of a prospective randomized clinical and manometric study. Am J Surg. 2005;189(4):429-434. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2004.06.045</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colak T, Ipek T, Kanik A, et al. A randomized trial of botulinum toxin vs lidocain pomade for chronic anal fissure. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2002; 65(4):187-190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colak T, Ipek T, Kanik A, et al. A randomized trial of botulinum toxin vs lidocain pomade for chronic anal fissure. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2002; 65(4):187-190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brisinda G, Cadeddu F, Brandara F, et al. Randomized clinical trial comparing botulinum toxin injections with 0.2 per cent nitroglycerin ointment for chronic anal fissure. Br J Surg. 2007;94(2):162-167. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.5514</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brisinda G, Cadeddu F, Brandara F, et al. Randomized clinical trial comparing botulinum toxin injections with 0.2 per cent nitroglycerin ointment for chronic anal fissure. Br J Surg. 2007;94(2):162-167. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.5514</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan MI. Comparing the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection and lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure. KJMS. 2016; 9(1):6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan MI. Comparing the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection and lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure. KJMS. 2016; 9(1):6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хрюкин Р.Ю., Костарев И.В., Арсланбекова К.И. и соавт. Ботулинический токсин типа А и боковая подкожная сфинктеротомия в лечении хронической анальной трещины со спазмом сфинктера. Что выбрать? (систематический обзор литературы и метаанализ). Колопроктология. 2020; 19(2):113-128. DOI: 10.33878/2073-7556-2020-19-2-113-128</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khryukin R.Yu., Kostarev I.V., Arslanbekova K.I. et al. Botulinum toxin type A and lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissure with sphincter spasm. What to choose? (systematic review and meta-analysis). Koloproktologia. 2020; 19(2):113-128. DOI: 10.33878/2073-7556-2020-19-2-113-128 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minguez M, Herreros B, Espi A, et al. Long-term follow-up (42 months) of chronic anal fissure after healing with botulinum toxin. Gastroenterology. 2002;123(1): 112-117. DOI: 10.1053/gast.2002.34219</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minguez M, Herreros B, Espi A, et al. Long-term follow-up (42 months) of chronic anal fissure after healing with botulinum toxin. Gastroenterology. 2002;123(1): 112-117. DOI: 10.1053/gast.2002.34219</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adamova Z, Slovacek V, Bar T et al. Anal fissure. Cas Lek Cesk. 2015;154(1):11-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adamova Z, Slovacek V, Bar T et al. Anal fissure. Cas Lek Cesk. 2015;154(1):11-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jahnny B, Ashurst JV. Anal fissures. In: Stat Pearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing; 2021 Jan. 2020 Dec 5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jahnny B, Ashurst JV. Anal fissures. In: Stat Pearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing; 2021 Jan. 2020 Dec 5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шелыгин Ю.А., Подмаренкова Л.Ф., Жарков Е.Е. Возможности медикаментозной релаксации внутреннего сфинктера у больных с хронической анальной трещиной. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2005:2;87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shelygin Yu.A., Podmarenkova L.F., Zharkov E.E. Possibilities of medication relaxation of the internal sphincter in patients with chronic anal fissure. Rossiiskii jurnal gastroenterologii, gepatologii, koloproctologii. 2005:2;87. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gagliardi G, Pascariello A, Altomare DF, et al. Optimal treatment duration of glyceryl trinitrate for chronic anal fissure: results of a prospective randomized multicenter trial. Tech Coloproctol. 2010 Sep;14(3):241-248. DOI: 10.1007/s10151-010-0604-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gagliardi G, Pascariello A, Altomare DF, et al. Optimal treatment duration of glyceryl trinitrate for chronic anal fissure: results of a prospective randomized multicenter trial. Tech Coloproctol. 2010 Sep;14(3):241-248. DOI: 10.1007/s10151-010-0604-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta PJ, Hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps, should they be removed during anal fissure surgery? World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10(16): p. 2412-2414. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i16.2412</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta PJ, Hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps, should they be removed during anal fissure surgery? World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10(16): p. 2412-2414. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i16.2412</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta PJ. A study of the symptomatology of hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2005; 106(1):30-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta PJ. A study of the symptomatology of hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2005; 106(1):30-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brisinda G, Maria G, Sganga G, et al. Effectiveness of higher doses of botulinum toxin to induce healing in patients with chronic anal fissures. Surgery. 2002; 131(2):179-184. DOI: 10.1067/msy.2002.119314</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brisinda G, Maria G, Sganga G, et al. Effectiveness of higher doses of botulinum toxin to induce healing in patients with chronic anal fissures. Surgery. 2002; 131(2):179-184. DOI: 10.1067/msy.2002.119314</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lysy J, Israelit-Yatzkan Y, Sestiery-Ittah M, et al. Topical nitrates potentiate the effect of botulinum toxin in the treatment of patients with refractory anal fissure. Gut. 2001;48:221–224.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lysy J, Israelit-Yatzkan Y, Sestiery-Ittah M, et al. Topical nitrates potentiate the effect of botulinum toxin in the treatment of patients with refractory anal fissure. Gut. 2001;48:221–224.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Благодарный Л.А., Полетов Н.Н., Жарков Е.Е. Хирургические методы релаксации внутреннего сфинктера у больных анальной трещиной. Колопроктология. 2007; 4:43-47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blagodarny L.A., Poletov N.N., Zharkov E.E. Surgical methods of relaxation of the internal sphincter in patients with anal fissure. Koloproktologia. 2007; 4:43-47. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шелыгин Ю.А., Фролов С.А., Орлова Л.П. и соавт. Непосредственные результаты комплексного лечения хронической анальной трещины. Колопроктология. 2010; 1: 4-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shelygin Yu.A., Frolov S.A., Orlova L.P. et al. Immediate results of complex treatment of chronic anal fissure. Koloproktologia. 2010; 1: 4-9. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arroyo A, Pérez F, Serrano P, et al. Open versus closed lateral sphincterotomy performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia for chronic anal fissure: prospective randomized study of clinical and manometric long-term results. J Am Coll Surg. 2004;199:361–367.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arroyo A, Pérez F, Serrano P, et al. Open versus closed lateral sphincterotomy performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia for chronic anal fissure: prospective randomized study of clinical and manometric long-term results. J Am Coll Surg. 2004;199:361–367.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Renzi A, Izzo D, Di Sarno G, et al. Clinical, manometric, and ultrasonographic results of pneumatic balloon dilatation vs. lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008;51:121–127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Renzi A, Izzo D, Di Sarno G, et al. Clinical, manometric, and ultrasonographic results of pneumatic balloon dilatation vs. lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008;51:121–127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Багдасарян С.Л. Хирургическое лечение анальной трещины с пневмодивульсией анального сфинктера. М., 2010; 89 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baghdasaryan S.L. Surgical treatment of anal fissure with pneumodivulsion of the anal sphincter. M., 2010; 89 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baraza W, Boereboom C, Shorthouse A, et al. The long-term efficacy of fissurectomy and botulinum toxin injection for chronic anal fissure in females. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008;51:236– 243.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baraza W, Boereboom C, Shorthouse A, et al. The long-term efficacy of fissurectomy and botulinum toxin injection for chronic anal fissure in females. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008;51:236– 243.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scholz T, Hetzer FH, Dindo D, et al. Long-term follow-up after combined fissurectomy and Botox injection for chronic anal fissures. Int J Colorectal Dis. 22:1077–1081.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scholz T, Hetzer FH, Dindo D, et al. Long-term follow-up after combined fissurectomy and Botox injection for chronic anal fissures. Int J Colorectal Dis. 22:1077–1081.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindsey I, Cunningham C, Jones OM, et al. Fissurectomy-botulinum toxin: a novel sphincter-sparing procedure for medically resistant chronic anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004;47:1947– 1952.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindsey I, Cunningham C, Jones OM, et al. Fissurectomy-botulinum toxin: a novel sphincter-sparing procedure for medically resistant chronic anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004;47:1947– 1952.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arthur JD, Makin CA, El-Sayed TY, et al. A pilot comparative study of fissurectomy/diltiazem and fissurectomy/botulinum toxin in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Tech Coloproctol. 2008;12(4):331-336.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arthur JD, Makin CA, El-Sayed TY, et al. A pilot comparative study of fissurectomy/diltiazem and fissurectomy/botulinum toxin in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Tech Coloproctol. 2008;12(4):331-336.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ebinger SM, Hardt J, Warschkow R, et al. Operative and medical treatment of chronic anal fissures-a review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Gastroenterol. 2017;52 (6):663-676. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1335-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ebinger SM, Hardt J, Warschkow R, et al. Operative and medical treatment of chronic anal fissures-a review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Gastroenterol. 2017;52 (6):663-676. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1335-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткалич О.В., Пономаренко А.А., Фоменко О.Ю. и соавт. Непосредственные результаты комплексного лечения хронической анальной трещины с применением ботулотоксина тип А (ISRCTN97413456). Колопроктология. 2020;19 (1):80-99. DOI: 10.33878/2073-7556-2020-19-1-80-99</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkalich O.V., Ponomarenko A.A., Fomenko O.Yu. et al. The treatment of chronic anal fissures with fissure excision and botulinum toxin A injection (ISRCTN97413456). Koloproctologia. 2020.;19(1):80–99. DOI: 10.33878/2073-7556-2020-19-1-80-99</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shelygin Yu.A., Tkalich O.V., Ponomarenko A.A., et al. Follow-up results of combination treatment of chronic anal fissure. International. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2020;12:2:244-249. DOI: 10.31838/ijpr/2020.SP2.040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shelygin Yu.A., Tkalich O.V., Ponomarenko A.A., et al. Follow-up results of combination treatment of chronic anal fissure. International. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2020;12:2:244-249. DOI: 10.31838/ijpr/2020.SP2.040</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nelson RL, Chattopadhyay A, Brooks W, et al. Operative procedures for fissure in ano. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;11:CD002199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nelson RL, Chattopadhyay A, Brooks W, et al. Operative procedures for fissure in ano. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;11:CD002199.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown CJ, Dubreuil D, Santoro L, et al. Lateral internal sphincterotomy is superior to topical nitroglycerin for healing chronic anal fissure and does not compromise long-term fecal continence: six-year follow-up of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007;50:442–448.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown CJ, Dubreuil D, Santoro L, et al. Lateral internal sphincterotomy is superior to topical nitroglycerin for healing chronic anal fissure and does not compromise long-term fecal continence: six-year follow-up of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007;50:442–448.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hyman N. Incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy: a prospective study and quality of life assessment. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004;47:35–38. DOI: 10.1007/s10350-003-0002-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hyman N. Incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy: a prospective study and quality of life assessment. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004;47:35–38. DOI: 10.1007/s10350-003-0002-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ortiz H, Marzo J, Armendariz P, et al. Quality of life assessment in patients with chronic anal fissure after lateral internal sphincterotomy. Br J Surg. 2005;92:881–885.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ortiz H, Marzo J, Armendariz P, et al. Quality of life assessment in patients with chronic anal fissure after lateral internal sphincterotomy. Br J Surg. 2005;92:881–885.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Menteş BB, Tezcaner T, Yilmaz U, et al. Results of lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure with particular reference to quality of life. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49:1045–1051.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Menteş BB, Tezcaner T, Yilmaz U, et al. Results of lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure with particular reference to quality of life. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49:1045–1051.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шелыгин Ю.А., Фролов С.А., Орлова Л.П. и соавт. Анальное недержание у больных, перенесших иссечение анальной трещины в сочетании с боковой подкожной сфинктеротомией. Колопроктология. 2008;3:18-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shelygin Yu.A., Frolov S.A., Orlova L.P. et al. Anal incontinence in patients who underwent excision of the anal fissure in combination with lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy. Koloproktologia. 2008;3:18-24. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wiley M, Day P, Rieger N, et al. Open vs. closed lateral internal sphincterotomy for idiopathic fissure-in-ano: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004;47:847–852.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiley M, Day P, Rieger N, et al. Open vs. closed lateral internal sphincterotomy for idiopathic fissure-in-ano: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004;47:847–852.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iswariah H, Stephens J, Rieger N, et al. Randomized prospective controlled trial of lateral internal sphincterotomy versus injection of botulinum toxin for the treatment of idiopathic fissure in ano. ANZ J Surg. 2005;75:553–555.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iswariah H, Stephens J, Rieger N, et al. Randomized prospective controlled trial of lateral internal sphincterotomy versus injection of botulinum toxin for the treatment of idiopathic fissure in ano. ANZ J Surg. 2005;75:553–555.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katsinelos P, Papaziogas B, Koutelidakis I, et al. Topical 0.5% nifedipine vs. lateral internal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: long-term follow-up. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006;21:179–183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katsinelos P, Papaziogas B, Koutelidakis I, et al. Topical 0.5% nifedipine vs. lateral internal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: long-term follow-up. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006;21:179–183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davies I, Dafydd L, Davies L, et al. Long-term outcomes after lateral anal sphincterotomy for anal fissure: a retrospective cohort study. Surg Today. 2014;44:1032–1039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davies I, Dafydd L, Davies L, et al. Long-term outcomes after lateral anal sphincterotomy for anal fissure: a retrospective cohort study. Surg Today. 2014;44:1032–1039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Rosa M, Cestaro G, Vitiello C, et al. Conservative versus surgical treatment for chronic anal idiopathic fissure: a prospective randomized trial. Updates Surg. 2013;65:197–200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Rosa M, Cestaro G, Vitiello C, et al. Conservative versus surgical treatment for chronic anal idiopathic fissure: a prospective randomized trial. Updates Surg. 2013;65:197–200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sileri P, Stolfi VM, Franceschilli L, et al. Conservative and surgical treatment of chronic anal fissure: prospective longer-term results. J Gastrointest Surg. 2010;14:773–780.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sileri P, Stolfi VM, Franceschilli L, et al. Conservative and surgical treatment of chronic anal fissure: prospective longer-term results. J Gastrointest Surg. 2010;14:773–780.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valizadeh N, Jalaly NY, Hassanzadeh M, et al. Botulinum toxin injection versus lateral internal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: randomized prospective controlled trial. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2012;397:1093–1098.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valizadeh N, Jalaly NY, Hassanzadeh M, et al. Botulinum toxin injection versus lateral internal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: randomized prospective controlled trial. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2012;397:1093–1098.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Menteş BB, Irkörücü O, Akin M, et al. Comparison of botulinum toxin injection and lateral internal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003;46:232–237.40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Menteş BB, Irkörücü O, Akin M, et al. Comparison of botulinum toxin injection and lateral internal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003;46:232–237.40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nasr M, Ezzat H, Elsebae M. Botulinum toxin injection versus lateral internal sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a randomized controlled trial. World J Surg. 2010;34:2730–2734.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasr M, Ezzat H, Elsebae M. Botulinum toxin injection versus lateral internal sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a randomized controlled trial. World J Surg. 2010;34:2730–2734.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gandomkar H, Zeinoddini A, Heidari R et al. Partial lateral internal sphincterotomy versus combined botulinum toxin a injection and topical diltiazem in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a randomized clinical trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2015;58:228–234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gandomkar H, Zeinoddini A, Heidari R et al. Partial lateral internal sphincterotomy versus combined botulinum toxin a injection and topical diltiazem in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a randomized clinical trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2015;58:228–234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murad-Regadas SM, Fernandes GO, Regadas FS, et al. How much of the internal sphincter may be divided during lateral sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure in women? Morphologic and functional evaluation after sphincterotomy. Dis Colon Rectum. 2013;56:645–651.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murad-Regadas SM, Fernandes GO, Regadas FS, et al. How much of the internal sphincter may be divided during lateral sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure in women? Morphologic and functional evaluation after sphincterotomy. Dis Colon Rectum. 2013;56:645–651.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
