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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2020-19-4-10-31</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-1603</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРИАНАЛЬНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ У БОЛЬНЫХ ГЕМОБЛАСТОЗАМИ И ГРАНУЛОЦИТОПЕНИЕЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PERIANAL INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH GRANULOCYTOPENIA AND HAEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-8433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штыркова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shtyrkova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-колопроктолог хирургического отделения </p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д.4, г. Москва, 125167, Россия</p><p>тел. моб.: +7 (916) 136-04-21, тел. раб.: +7 (495) 612-61-91 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD., coloproctologist of the surgical Department  </p><p>Novy Zykovsky proezd, 4, Moscow, 125167, Russia </p><p>+7(916)136-04-21, +7(495)612-61-91 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sv-styrkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-5763</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клясова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyasova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель клинико-диагностической лаборатории клинической бактериологии, микологии и антибиотической терапии</p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д.4, г. Москва, 125167, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">klias@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5669-6639</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карагюлян</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karagyulyan</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, консультант дирекции </p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д.4, г. Москва, 125167, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">ksr@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8357-977X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гемджян</surname><given-names>Э. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gemdzhian</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>с.н.с. лаборатории биостатистики </p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д.4, г. Москва, 125167, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">edstat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данишян</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danishyan</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заведующий научноклиническим отделением хирургии, заместительгенерального директора </p><p>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6732-8286 Новый Зыковский проезд, д.4, г. Москва, 125167, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD, head of scientific clinical department of surgery, deputy Director General </p><p>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6732-8286 </p><p>Novy Zykovsky proezd, 4, Moscow, 125167, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ntanisian@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "НМИЦ Гематологии" Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center for Hematology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Штыркова С.В., Клясова Г.А., Карагюлян С.Р., Гемджян Э.Г., Данишян К.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Штыркова С.В., Клясова Г.А., Карагюлян С.Р., Гемджян Э.Г., Данишян К.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shtyrkova S.V., Klyasova G.A., Karagyulyan S.R., Gemdzhian E.G., Danishyan K.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1603">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1603</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: изучить особенности перианальной инфекции (ПИ) у пациентов с гранулоцитопенией (ГЦП) и опухолевыми заболеваниями системы крови.</p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в проспективное исследование (2016-2018 гг.) включено 95 эпизодов ПИ у 76 пациентов с опухолевыми заболеваниями системы крови (м/ж – 35/44; медиана возраста – 35 лет (17-69)). Диагноз «острый лейкоз» установлен у 43(54,4%) пациентов (ОМЛ - 34(43%); ОЛЛ – 9(11,4) %), неходжкинская лимфома – у 17(21,5%). Выполнено сравнение эпизодов ПИ, развившихся в период ГЦП (количество гранулоцитов менее 0,5х109/л) и вне этого периода.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: эпизоды ПИ в период ГЦП регистрировали статистически значимо чаще, чем без ГЦП (77,9% против 22,1%, относительный риск – 3,5 (95% ДИ: 2,4-5,2). Наибольшее количество эпизодов ПИ на фоне ГЦП отмечено в период проведения химиотерапии (ХТ): на этапах консолидации (28,4%) и индукции (13,3%) ХТ острых лейкозов и ХТ лимфом – 20,3%. Источником инфицирования перианальных тканей в период ГЦП чаще были анальные трещины (66,2% против 19,1%без ГЦП, p&lt;0,001).Воспалительные изменения в параректальных тканях были клиническими признаками ПИ при ГЦП в 89,2% случаев: инфильтраты в 71,6% (против 23,8% без ГЦП, р&lt;0,001), абсцессы в 8,1% (против 66,7% без ГЦП, р&lt;0,001). В 10,8% случаев ПИ при ГЦП регистрировались только боли в перианальной области и лихорадка. Отсутствие изменений в тканях было при самом низком количестве лейкоцитов (Ме 0,2 (0,1-0,5) х109/л). Инфекции кровотока выявлены в 15 (20,3%) эпизодах только в период ГЦП, из них в 6 (8,1%) случаях отмечено видовое соответствие микроорганизмов, выделенных из крови и прямой кишки.В период ГЦП антибактериальная терапия проводилась в 98,6% наблюдений: только антибактериальная терапия применялась в 87,8% эпизодов (против 7,2% без ГЦП, р&lt;0,001); оперативное лечение и антибактериальная терапия - в 10,8% (против 61,9% без ГЦП, р&lt;0,001). У пациентов с ГЦП средняя продолжительность применения антибиотиков была существенно больше в группе оперированных больных, чем в группе пролеченных консервативно (25,5 против 15,1 дней, р=0,05). Результатом антибактериальной терапии в период ГЦП в 83,1% случаев был регресс признаков воспаления; в 13,8% - формирование абсцесса или свища, потребовавшее хирургического лечения; прогрессирование инфекции – 3,1%. С увеличением длительности ГЦП более 30 дней связано увеличение  частоты бактериемии (12,5% против 28%, p&lt;0,05); сочетания ПИ с другими инфекциями (25% против 52%, p&lt;0,05); необходимости модификации антибактериальной терапии (16,7 против  40%,p&lt;0,05). </p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: состояние ГЦП статистически значимо повышает вероятность развития ПИ. Для ПИ, развившейся в условиях ГЦП характерны атипичные, часто скудные клинические проявления и высокая вероятность сепсиса. Основным механизмом инфицирования параректальной клетчатки в период ГЦП  является проникновение микроорганизмов через нарушенные тканевые барьеры. Антибактериальная терапии является приоритетным методом лечения ПИ в условиях ГЦП; эффективность антибактериальной терапии составила 83,1%. Необходимость оперативного лечения в период ГЦП ассоциирована с увеличением продолжительности инфекционного эпизода и антибактериальной терапии. Увеличение продолжительности ГЦП является неблагоприятным предиктором в лечении ПИ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: to study the perianal infection (PI) in patients with granulocytopaenia (GCP) and hematological malignancies (HM).</p></sec><sec><title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title><p>PATIENTS AND METHODS: the prospective study (2016-1018) includes 95 episodes of PI in 76 patients with HM (male/female 35/44; mean age of 35 (17-69)). 43(54.4%) of the patients were detected to develop acute leukemia (AML – 34 (43%); ALL – 9(11.4%); NHL – 17(21.5%).The comparison of PI episodes within the GCP period (number of granulocytes less than 0.5x109/l) and without it was done.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: PI episodes within the period of GCP were significantly much more often than those without GCP (77.9% vs 22.1%, relative risk 3.5 (95% CI: 2.4-5.2).The biggest number of PI episodes in the setting of GCP was registered within the period of chemotherapy (ChT): in the phase of consolidation (28.4%) and induction (13.3%) of acute leukemia ChT and lymphomas’ ChT (20.3%). Anal fissures were the most frequent source of PI within GCP period (66.2% vs 19.1% without GCP, p&lt;0.001). Inflammatory changes in perianal tissues were clinical features of PI in the setting of GCP in 89.2% of the cases: inflammatory mass in 71.6% (vs 23.8% without GCP, p&lt;0.001), abscess in 8.1% (vs 66.7% without GCP, p&lt;0.001).In 10.8% of the cases of PI with GCP only perianal pain and fever were registered. No tissues change was detected with the lowest WBC count (Me 0.2 (0.1-0.5) x109/l). Bloodstream infections were detected in 15 (20.3%) episodes within the period of GCP only, of them in 6 (8.1%) cases the species matching of microorganisms in blood and in rectum was noticed.Within the period of GCP antibacterial therapy was carried out in 98.6% of the cases: antibacterial therapy  alone was applied in 87.8% of the episodes (vs 7.2% without GCP, p&lt;0.001); both antibacterial therapy and  surgical treatment were carried out in 10.8% (vs 61.9% without GCP, p&lt;0.001) of the cases. Mean duration of antibiotic treatment of patients with GCP was drastically longer in the group of postoperative patients in  comparison with the group of those who had conservative treatment (25.5 vs 15.1 days, p=0.05). Antimicrobial therapy within GCP period resulted into inflammation regress in 83.1% of the cases; abscess or fistula  formation, hence surgical treatment in 13.8% of the cases; progression of infection in 3.1% of the cases. Increase of GCP duration up to 30 and more days is connected with bacteremia rate increase (12.5% vs 28%, p&lt;0.05); combinations of PI with other infections (25% vs 52%, p&lt;0.05); requirement of antimicrobial therapy modification (16.7% vs 40%, p&lt;0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: GCP significantly raises risk of PI. PI that develops in the setting of GCP, is characterized by  abnormal, often low clinical manifestations and high risk of sepsis. Invasion of microorganisms through affected tissue seals is the basic mechanism of perianalinfection within the period of GCP. Antibacterial therapy is the prior method of PI treatment in the settings of GCP; antibacterial therapy efficiency is 83.1%. Need for surgery in the period of GCP is associated with the infectious episode and antibacterial therapy duration increase. Lengthening of GCP is a negative predictor in PI treatment.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перианальная инфекция</kwd><kwd>абсцесс</kwd><kwd>лейкоз</kwd><kwd>агранулоцитоз</kwd><kwd>гранулоцитопения</kwd><kwd>нейтропения</kwd><kwd>гемобластоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>perinatal infection</kwd><kwd>abscess</kwd><kwd>leukemia</kwd><kwd>agranulocytosis</kwd><kwd>granulocytopaenia</kwd><kwd>neutropenia</kwd><kwd>hemoblastosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клясова Г.А. Антимикробная терапия. В кн.: Программное лечение заболеваний системы крови: сборник алгоритмов диагностики и протоколов лечения заболеваний системы крови. Под ред. В.Г. Савченко. 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