<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gnck</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Колопроктология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Koloproktologia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7556</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7303</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Association of Coloproctology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33878/2073-7556-2018-0-1-42-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gnck-1107</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РАННИЙ РАК ПРЯМОЙ КИШКИ: ЛОКАЛЬНОЕ ИССЕЧЕНИЕ ИЛИ ТОТАЛЬНАЯ МЕЗОРЕКТУМЭКТОМИЯ?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EARLY RECTAL CANCER: LOCAL EXCISION OR TOTAL MESORECTAL EXCISION?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>Андрей Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">andrei.semenov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савичева</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savicheva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П.Павлова» МЗ РФ; Городской колопроктологический центр (СПбГБУЗ «Городская больница № 9»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The 1st Pavlov State Medical University of St.-Petersburg; Russia City Center of Coloproctology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Семенов А.В., Савичева Е.С., Попов Д.Е., Васильев С.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семенов А.В., Савичева Е.С., Попов Д.Е., Васильев С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semenov A.V., Savicheva E.S., Popov D.E., Vasiliev S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1107">https://www.ruproctology.com/jour/article/view/1107</self-uri><abstract><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Улучшить результаты лечения больных ранними формами рака прямой кишки (РПК); оценить диагностическую эффективность эндоректального ультразвукового исследования (ЭРУЗИ) в стадировании раннего РПК. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Проанализированы результаты лечения 81 пациента с ранними формами РПК. Основная проспективная группа включала 42 человека, которым выполнялось трансанальное локальное иссечение (ЛИ). Группа ретроспективного контроля - 39 человек, им выполнялось радикальное хирургическое вмешательство с тотальной мезоректумэктомией (ТМЭ). Сравнительный анализ между группами проводился на основании оценки длительности операций, частоты периоперационных осложнений, длительности пребывания в стационаре, отдаленных онкологических результатов (показателей общей, безрецидивной, канцерспецифической выживаемости, возникновения отдаленных метастазов). Оценка диагностической ценности ЭРУЗИ выполнялась путем сравнительного анализа данных предоперационного стадирования с результатами патоморфологического исследования удаленных препаратов. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Медиана наблюдения в проспективной группе составила 41 (10-60) месяц. По сравнению с ТМЭ, ЛИ ассоциировано с меньшей частотой послеоперационных осложнений (4,8% против 17,9%, p=0,04). Послеоперационной летальности не было ни в одной из групп наблюдений. Точность метода ЭРУЗИ составила 88,1 % для Tis и 78,6 % для Т1. В отношении отдаленных онкологических результатов через 1 и 3 года в двух группах не было выявлено статистически значимых различий (p=1,0). Единственный случай локального рецидива (2,6%) был выявлен у одного пациента с аденокарциномой pT1sm3, ранее отказавшегося от радикального вмешательства, через 6 месяцев после локального иссечения, по поводу чего была выполнена ТМЭ. Отдаленных метастазов не было выявлено ни в одном случае. Показатель общей 3-летней выживаемости составил 100 % в основной группе и 97,4 % - в контрольной.. Показатель 3-летней канцерспецифической выживаемости составил 100 % в обеих группах. ВЫВОДЫ. ЛИ имеет преимущества перед ТМЭ у пациентов с ранним РПК в отношении непосредственных результатов лечения; при этом отдаленные онкологические результаты сопоставимы с ТМЭ. ЭРУЗИ демонстрирует высокие показатели диагностической ценности и является определяющим в стадировании раннего РПК по критерию Т.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>AIM of this study was to improve treatment outcomes for early rectal cancer; to assess the accuracy of endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) in preoperative staging of early rectal cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A total of 42 patients of the main prospective group with early rectal cancer underwent transanal local excision (LE). In control retrospective group 39 patients underwent radical resection with total mesorectal excision (TME). Operation time, perioperative, hospital stay duration long-term oncological results (overall and local recurrence-free survival, cancer-free survival, distant metastasis rate) were analyzed.. Comparison of ERUS preoperative staging for prospective group and pathological staging was performed to identify the accuracy of ERUS. RESULTS. Median follow-up for prospective group was 41 (from 10 to 60) months. In comparison with TME, LE was associated with fewer morbid (4,8 % vs 17,9 %, p=0,04). There was no hospital mortality in both groups. The accuracy of ERUS was 88,1 % for Tis and 78,6% for T1. There was no significant statistical difference in 1-year and 3-year in oncological outcomes between groups (p=1,0). There was one local recurrence (2,6%) in 6 months after LE in a patient with pT1sm3 who had previously refused surgery. This patient underwent TME. There was no detected distant metastasis in both groups. The 3-year overall survival was 100 % for LE and 97,4 % for TME. The 3-year cancer-specific survival was 100 % in both groups. CONCLUSIONS. LE has advantages over TME in short-term results; long-term oncological results after LE are comparable with TME. ERUS has a good diagnostic effectiveness in preoperative staging of early rectal cancer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ранний рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>тотальная мезоректумэктомия</kwd><kwd>локальное иссечение</kwd><kwd>трансанальная эндоскопическая микрохирургия</kwd><kwd>ЭРУЗИ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>early rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>total mesorectal excision</kwd><kwd>local excision</kwd><kwd>transanal endoscopic microsurgery</kwd><kwd>ERUS</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев, С.В. Ранний рак прямой кишки: современное состояние проблемы (обзор литературы) / С.В.Васильев, Д.Е.Попов, А.В.Семенов и соавт.// Колопроктология. - 2016. - № 3 (57). - с. 76-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Васильев, С.В. Ранний рак прямой кишки: современное состояние проблемы (обзор литературы) / С.В.Васильев, Д.Е.Попов, А.В.Семенов и соавт.// Колопроктология. - 2016. - № 3 (57). - с. 76-83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шелыгин, Ю.А. Возможности компрессионной ультразвуковой эластографии в диагностике малигнизации ворсинчатых опухолей прямой кишки. /Ю.А.Шелыгин, Л.П.Орлова, Т.В.Самсонова и соавт.// Колопроктология. - 2017. - № 4 (62). -с. 60-66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шелыгин, Ю.А. Возможности компрессионной ультразвуковой эластографии в диагностике малигнизации ворсинчатых опухолей прямой кишки. /Ю.А.Шелыгин, Л.П.Орлова, Т.В.Самсонова и соавт.// Колопроктология. - 2017. - № 4 (62). -с. 60-66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чернышов, С.В. Органосохраняющее лечение раннего рака прямой кишки. / С.В.Чернышов, О.А.Майновская, Ю.А.Шелыгин и соавт.// Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. - 2017. - т. 27 - № 2. -с. 91-101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Чернышов, С.В. Органосохраняющее лечение раннего рака прямой кишки. / С.В.Чернышов, О.А.Майновская, Ю.А.Шелыгин и соавт.// Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. - 2017. - т. 27 - № 2. -с. 91-101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">RUSSCO. Практические рекомендации по лечению рака прямой кишки Российского общества клинической онкологии. 2016 [электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа http://www.rosoncoweb.ru/ standarts/RUSSCO/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">RUSSCO. Практические рекомендации по лечению рака прямой кишки Российского общества клинической онкологии. 2016 [электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа http://www.rosoncoweb.ru/ standarts/RUSSCO/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akasu, T. Endorectal ultrasonogrphy and treatment of early rectal stage cancer. / T.Akasu, H.Kondo, Y.Moriya et al. // World J. Surg. - 2000. - № 24 (9). р. 1061-68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akasu, T. Endorectal ultrasonogrphy and treatment of early rectal stage cancer. / T.Akasu, H.Kondo, Y.Moriya et al. // World J. Surg. - 2000. - № 24 (9). р. 1061-68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bach, S.P. A predictive model for local recurrence after transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal cancer. / S.P.Bach, J.Hill, J.R.T.Monson et al. // Br. J. Surg. - 2009. - № 96. - р. 280-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bach, S.P. A predictive model for local recurrence after transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal cancer. / S.P.Bach, J.Hill, J.R.T.Monson et al. // Br. J. Surg. - 2009. - № 96. - р. 280-90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bentrem, D.J. T1 adenocarcinoma of the rectum: transanal excision or radical surgery? / D.J.Bentrem, S.Okabe, W.D.Wong et al. // Ann. Surg. - 2005. -№ 242. - p. 472-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bentrem, D.J. T1 adenocarcinoma of the rectum: transanal excision or radical surgery? / D.J.Bentrem, S.Okabe, W.D.Wong et al. // Ann. Surg. - 2005. -№ 242. - p. 472-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borschitz, T. The influence of histopathologic criteria on the long-term prognosis of locally excised pT1 rectal carcinomas: results of local excision (transanal endoscopic microsurgery) and immediate reoperation. / T.Borschitz, A.Heintz, T.Junginger // Dis. Colon Rectum. - 2006. - № 49. - p. 1492-506.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borschitz, T. The influence of histopathologic criteria on the long-term prognosis of locally excised pT1 rectal carcinomas: results of local excision (transanal endoscopic microsurgery) and immediate reoperation. / T.Borschitz, A.Heintz, T.Junginger // Dis. Colon Rectum. - 2006. - № 49. - p. 1492-506.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buess, G. Technique of transanal endoscopic microsurgery. / G.Buess, K.Kipfmuller, D.Hack at al. // Surg. Endosc. - 1988. - № 2. - p. 71-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buess, G. Technique of transanal endoscopic microsurgery. / G.Buess, K.Kipfmuller, D.Hack at al. // Surg. Endosc. - 1988. - № 2. - p. 71-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chiniah, M. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is an oncologically safe alternative to total mesorectal excision for stage I rectal cancer: results of metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials. / M.Chiniah, O.Ganganah, Y.Cheng et al. // Int. J. Colorectal. Disease. - 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chiniah, M. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is an oncologically safe alternative to total mesorectal excision for stage I rectal cancer: results of metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials. / M.Chiniah, O.Ganganah, Y.Cheng et al. // Int. J. Colorectal. Disease. - 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dindo, D. Classification of surgical complications: Five-year experience. / D.Dindo, N.Demartines, P.A.Clavien // Ann. Surg. - 2009. - № 250. - p. 187-96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dindo, D. Classification of surgical complications: Five-year experience. / D.Dindo, N.Demartines, P.A.Clavien // Ann. Surg. - 2009. - № 250. - p. 187-96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fazio, V.W. A randomized multicenter trial to compare long-term functional outcome, quality of life, and complications of surgical procedures for low rectal cancers. / V.W.Fazio, M.Zutshi, F.H.Remzi et al. // Ann. Surg. - 2007. - № 246. - p. 481-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fazio, V.W. A randomized multicenter trial to compare long-term functional outcome, quality of life, and complications of surgical procedures for low rectal cancers. / V.W.Fazio, M.Zutshi, F.H.Remzi et al. // Ann. Surg. - 2007. - № 246. - p. 481-90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glynne-Jones, R. Rectal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. / R.Glynne-Jones, L.Wyrwicz, E.Tiret et al. //Annals of Oncology. - 2017. - № 28 (4). - p. 22-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glynne-Jones, R. Rectal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. / R.Glynne-Jones, L.Wyrwicz, E.Tiret et al. //Annals of Oncology. - 2017. - № 28 (4). - p. 22-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heald, R.J. Rectal cancer: the Basingstoke experience of total mesorectal excision, 1978-1997. / R.J.Heald, B.J.Moran, R.D.Ryall et al. / Arch. Surg. -1998. - № 133 (8). - p. 894-99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heald, R.J. Rectal cancer: the Basingstoke experience of total mesorectal excision, 1978-1997. / R.J.Heald, B.J.Moran, R.D.Ryall et al. / Arch. Surg. -1998. - № 133 (8). - p. 894-99.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heald, R.J. Recurrence and survival after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. / R.J.Heald, R.D.Ryall / Lancet. - 1986. - № 1. - p. 1479-82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heald, R.J. Recurrence and survival after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. / R.J.Heald, R.D.Ryall / Lancet. - 1986. - № 1. - p. 1479-82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hendren, S.K. Prevalence of male and female sexual dysfunction is high following surgery for rectal cancer. / S.K.Hendren, B.I.O’Connor, M.Liu et al. // Ann.Surg. - 2005. - № 242. - p. 212-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hendren, S.K. Prevalence of male and female sexual dysfunction is high following surgery for rectal cancer. / S.K.Hendren, B.I.O’Connor, M.Liu et al. // Ann.Surg. - 2005. - № 242. - p. 212-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ho, P. Functional outcome following low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision in the elderly. / P.Ho, W.L.Law, S.C.Chan et al. // Int. J. Colorectal. Dis. - 2003. - № 18. - p. 230-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ho, P. Functional outcome following low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision in the elderly. / P.Ho, W.L.Law, S.C.Chan et al. // Int. J. Colorectal. Dis. - 2003. - № 18. - p. 230-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoerske, C. Long-term outcomes and quality of life after rectal carcinoma surgery. / C.Hoerske, K.Weber, J.Goehl et al. // Br. J.Surg. - 2010. - № 97. -p. 1295-303.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoerske, C. Long-term outcomes and quality of life after rectal carcinoma surgery. / C.Hoerske, K.Weber, J.Goehl et al. // Br. J.Surg. - 2010. - № 97. -p. 1295-303.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kav, T. How useful is rectal endosonography in the staging of rectal cancer? / T.Kav // World J. Gastroenterol. - 2010. - № 16. - p. 691.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kav, T. How useful is rectal endosonography in the staging of rectal cancer? / T.Kav // World J. Gastroenterol. - 2010. - № 16. - p. 691.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kikuchi, R. Management of early invasive colorectal cancer. Risk of recurrence and clinical guidelines. / R.Kikuchi, M.Takano, K.Takagi et al. // Dis. Colon Rectum. - 1995. - № 38. - р. 1286-95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kikuchi, R. Management of early invasive colorectal cancer. Risk of recurrence and clinical guidelines. / R.Kikuchi, M.Takano, K.Takagi et al. // Dis. Colon Rectum. - 1995. - № 38. - р. 1286-95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kneist, W. Residual urine volume after total mesorectal excision: an indicator of pelvic autonomic nerve preservation? Results of a case-control study. / W.Kneist, T.Junginger // Colorectal Dis. - 2004. -№ 6. - р. 432-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kneist, W. Residual urine volume after total mesorectal excision: an indicator of pelvic autonomic nerve preservation? Results of a case-control study. / W.Kneist, T.Junginger // Colorectal Dis. - 2004. -№ 6. - р. 432-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Law, W.L. Anterior resection for rectal cancer with mesorectal excision: a prospective evaluation of 622 patients. / W.L.Law, K.W.Chu // Ann. Surg. - 2004. -№ 240. - p. 260-68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Law, W.L. Anterior resection for rectal cancer with mesorectal excision: a prospective evaluation of 622 patients. / W.L.Law, K.W.Chu // Ann. Surg. - 2004. -№ 240. - p. 260-68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Madbouly, K.M. Recurrence after transanal excision of T1 rectal cancer: should we be concerned? / K.M.Madbouly, F.H.Remzi, B.A.Erkek et al. // Dis. Colon Rectum. - 2005. - № 48. - p. 711-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Madbouly, K.M. Recurrence after transanal excision of T1 rectal cancer: should we be concerned? / K.M.Madbouly, F.H.Remzi, B.A.Erkek et al. // Dis. Colon Rectum. - 2005. - № 48. - p. 711-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matthiessen, P. Intraoperative adverse events and outcome after anterior resection of the rectum / P.Matthiessen, O.Hallbook, J.Rutegard et al. // Br. J. Surg. - 2004. - № 91. - p. 1608-1612.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matthiessen, P. Intraoperative adverse events and outcome after anterior resection of the rectum / P.Matthiessen, O.Hallbook, J.Rutegard et al. // Br. J. Surg. - 2004. - № 91. - p. 1608-1612.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mellgren, A. Is local excision adequate therapy for early rectal cancer? / A.Mellgren, P.Sirivongs, D.A.Rothenberger et al. // Dis. Colon Rectum. -2000. - № 43. - p. 1064-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mellgren, A. Is local excision adequate therapy for early rectal cancer? / A.Mellgren, P.Sirivongs, D.A.Rothenberger et al. // Dis. Colon Rectum. -2000. - № 43. - p. 1064-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morris, E.J. Thirty-day postoperative mortality after colorectal cancer surgery in England. / E.J.Morris, E.F.Taylor, J.D.Thomas et al. // Gut (BMJ Group). - 2011. - № 60 (6). - p. 806-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morris, E.J. Thirty-day postoperative mortality after colorectal cancer surgery in England. / E.J.Morris, E.F.Taylor, J.D.Thomas et al. // Gut (BMJ Group). - 2011. - № 60 (6). - p. 806-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muthusamy, V.R. Optimal methods for staging rectal cancer. / V.R.Muthusamy, K.J.Chang //Clin. Cancer Res. - 2007. - № 13. - p. 6877-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muthusamy, V.R. Optimal methods for staging rectal cancer. / V.R.Muthusamy, K.J.Chang //Clin. Cancer Res. - 2007. - № 13. - p. 6877-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nascimbeni, R. Risk of lymph node metastasis in T1 carcinoma of the colon and rectum. / R.Nascimbeni, L.J.Burgart, S.Nivatvongs et al. // Disease Colon Rectum. - 2002. - № 45 (2). - p. 200-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nascimbeni, R. Risk of lymph node metastasis in T1 carcinoma of the colon and rectum. / R.Nascimbeni, L.J.Burgart, S.Nivatvongs et al. // Disease Colon Rectum. - 2002. - № 45 (2). - p. 200-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nastro, P. Local excision of rectal cancer: review of literature. / P.Nastro, D.Beral, J.Hartley et al. // Dig. Surg. - 2005. - № 22. - p. 6-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nastro, P. Local excision of rectal cancer: review of literature. / P.Nastro, D.Beral, J.Hartley et al. // Dig. Surg. - 2005. - № 22. - p. 6-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National comprehensive cancer network, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, rectal cancer. Version 3. 2017 ^лега^онный pecypc]. Available from http://www.nccn.org/professionals/phesician_gls/ pdf/rectal.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National comprehensive cancer network, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, rectal cancer. Version 3. 2017 ^лега^онный pecypc]. Available from http://www.nccn.org/professionals/phesician_gls/ pdf/rectal.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park, S.Y. Urinary and erectile function in men after total mesorectal excision by laparoscopic or robot-assisted methods for the treatment of rectal cancer: a case-matched comparison. / S.Y.Park, G.S.Choi, J.S.Park et al. // World J. Surg. - 2014. -№ 38 (7). - p. 1834-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park, S.Y. Urinary and erectile function in men after total mesorectal excision by laparoscopic or robot-assisted methods for the treatment of rectal cancer: a case-matched comparison. / S.Y.Park, G.S.Choi, J.S.Park et al. // World J. Surg. - 2014. -№ 38 (7). - p. 1834-42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paty, P.B. Long-term results of local excision for rectal cancer. / P.B.Paty, G.M.Nash, P.Baron et al. // Ann. Surg. - 2002. - № 236. - p. 522-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paty, P.B. Long-term results of local excision for rectal cancer. / P.B.Paty, G.M.Nash, P.Baron et al. // Ann. Surg. - 2002. - № 236. - p. 522-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puli, S.R. How good is endoscopic ultrasound in differentiating various T stages of rectal cancer? Meta-analysis and systematic review. / S.R.Puli, M.L.Bechtold, J.B.K.Reddy et al. // Ann. Surg. Oncol. - 2009. - № 16. - p. 254-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puli, S.R. How good is endoscopic ultrasound in differentiating various T stages of rectal cancer? Meta-analysis and systematic review. / S.R.Puli, M.L.Bechtold, J.B.K.Reddy et al. // Ann. Surg. Oncol. - 2009. - № 16. - p. 254-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suppiah, A. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery in early rectal cancer: time for a trial? / A.Suppiah, S.Maslekar, A.Alabi et al. // Colorectal Dis. - 2008. -№ 10. - p. 314-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suppiah, A. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery in early rectal cancer: time for a trial? / A.Suppiah, S.Maslekar, A.Alabi et al. // Colorectal Dis. - 2008. -№ 10. - p. 314-27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu, Y. TEM and conventional rectal surgery for T1 rectal cancer: a meta-analysis. / Y.Wu, Y.Y.Wu, B.S.Zhu et al. // Hepatogastroenterology. 2011. -№ 58. - p. 364-68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu, Y. TEM and conventional rectal surgery for T1 rectal cancer: a meta-analysis. / Y.Wu, Y.Y.Wu, B.S.Zhu et al. // Hepatogastroenterology. 2011. -№ 58. - p. 364-68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zorcolo, L. Preoperative staging of patients with rectal tumors suitable for transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM): comparison of endorectal ultrasound and histopathologic findings. / L.Zorcolo, G.Fantola, F.Cabras et al. // Surg. Endosc. - 2009. -№ 23. - p. 1384-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zorcolo, L. Preoperative staging of patients with rectal tumors suitable for transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM): comparison of endorectal ultrasound and histopathologic findings. / L.Zorcolo, G.Fantola, F.Cabras et al. // Surg. Endosc. - 2009. -№ 23. - p. 1384-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
